Life of Human Beings Without Fresh Water Essay

Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth ‘s surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater and underground streams. Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water. A human body can survive 8-14 days without water depending on the person. First of all our very existence will be in danger in the absence of fresh drinking water. Besides we will not get the much needed source of irrigation for our fields and as a result there could be lot of scarcity of food. So we will face a situation of food crisis. Water running in rivers is tapped and big dams are constructed and hydropower is produced. Moreover river transport system is not possible in case water stop flowing in rivers. Although plenty of water is available in oceans but that is not fit to be consumed by human beings as it is salty. At last in situation of extinction of fresh water resources, human beings will have to desalinate the sea water which is very costly affair. Lot of poor people will die as they will not be able to afford this type of water obtained through desalination plants. Moreover many types of diseases may occur due to consumption of sea water. In nutshell human beings will face a very difficult time in case they have to line without fresh water. Water is a finite resource which means that the total amount of water in the planet is only limited. Its supply remains the same and yet human population recently grows resulting to a decrease of available amount of freshwater per person. The relatively small amount of available freshwater elaborates on how critical it is for everyone to help preserve and maintain clean, healthy lakes and streams, our sources of water. Water is mostly now being wasted because it is under-priced. We do not realize the significance of it. Also, the uneven distribution of water resources has led to the stage of scarcity in a number of regions. Freshwater provides water for drinking, sanitation, agriculture, transport, electricity generation and recreation. It also creates habitats for a diverse range of animals and plants. There is no way we can live without freshwater supply. Our freshwater resources could eventually deplete if not protected now some way. Truth is we cannot live or function on a daily basis without the use of freshwater supply. It circulates and goes through our bodies, replenishing nutrients and carrying away waste materials. Now think of the scenario where human beings have to live without water.

Proton

* 1. INTRODUCTIONPerusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad (PROTON) wasincorporated in May 7, 1983 to manufacture, assembleand sell motor vehicles and related products, includingaccessories, spare parts and other components. PROTON produced Malaysias first car, the ProtonSaga, commercially launched on July 9, 1985 by formerMalaysian Prime Minister, Tun Dr. MahathirMohamed, who had originally conceived the idea of aMalaysian cars. Toyota Motor Corporation is the market leader inautomotive industry and the worlds largest motorvehicle manufacturing groups.It sell about 7,234,439unit of all type of vehicles in 2009. * 2. BENCHMARKPROTON benchmark is based on Toyota Motor Corporation . ToyotaMotor, the worlds largest automotive manufacturer (overtaking GM in2008), designs and manufactures a diverse product line-up that rangesfrom subcompacts to luxury and sports vehicles toSUVs, trucks, minivans, and buses. Its vehicles are produced either withcombustion or hybrid engines, as with the Prius. To yotas subsidiaries alsomanufacture vehicles: Daihatsu Motor produces mini-vehicles, while HinoMotors produces trucks and buses.Additionally, Toyota makes automotiveparts for its own use and for sale to others. Popular models include theCamry, Corolla, Land Cruiser, and luxury Lexus line, as well as the Tundratruck. In Asia, they generates almost 40% of sales. * 3. VISION†¢ They strive to become a successful Malaysian Automotive Manufacturer globally by being customer oriented and producing competitively priced and innovative quality products. * 4. MISSIONOur Company history is one of the remarkable achievements ofwhich we are proud(1) of.In our pride lies the vital energy thatdrives us forward and forces us to take on new challenges. Notonly our customers but also our business associates andshareholders need to trust our ability and rely(2) on us todeliver on our promise of quality. We continually strive toexpand our knowledge(3), skills and expertise in order to findbetter sol utions and produce better results. As a nationalproject, Proton is also committed to lead in the acquisition ofintellectual capability in design and technology(4), which willpropel the nation to achieve the status of an industrialisednation.With people as our primary focus, we are committed tobuilding a friendly organisation, sensitivity to customers needswith clear communications leading to mutual understandingand care(5). * 5. CHARACTERISTIC OF MISSION 1. Philosophy †¢ Proud 2. Self – 5. Customers concept †¢ Caring †¢ Reliable Mission element 4. Employees 3. Technology †¢ Knowledgeable †¢ New technology * 6. OPPORTUNITIES†¢ Replacement model make an increasing sales about 40. 7%. †¢ Joint venture with other company. †¢ The development of concept car(Nissan)†¢ Rising oversea demand about 20. % * 7. THREATS†¢ Global financial crisis effect the vehicle sales are tipped to fall 12. 4 per cent in 2009. †¢ New product from ot her companies with better technology. †¢ Gas price up almost 30%. †¢ Local competitor, Perodua or Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua has surpassed Proton in sales. * 8. The External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix WEIGHTED OPPORTUNITIES WEIGHT RATING SCOREReplacement model make anincreasing sales about 40. 7% 0. 08 1 0. 08Joint venture with other company 0. 2 2 0. 4The development of conceptcar(Nissan) 0. 09 3 0. 7Rising oversea demand about 20. 7% 0. 12 4 0. 48 * 9. WEIGHTED THREAT WEIGHT RATING SCORE Local competitor, Perodua orPerusahaan Otomobil Kedua hassurpassed Proton in sales. 0. 23 3 0. 69Gas price up almost 30%. 0. 08 2 0. 08Global financial crisis effect the vehiclesales are tipped to fall 12. 4 per cent in2009. 0. 08 4 0. 32New product from other companieswith better technology. 0. 12 3 0. 36 Total 1. 0 2. 68 * 10. STRENGTH†¢ Strong R&D (R3)†¢ Revenue per employee. †¢ Government Linked Company (GLC)†¢ Employee morale is excellence. The market share of 56. 9% in the industry. * 11. WEAKNESSES†¢ Quality of product is still lower compare to competitor product. †¢ Employee is lacked of technical skill. †¢ Had suffered a net loss of RM60. 1mil for its third quarter ended Dec 31 because of restructuring expenses incurred by its sports car division, Lotus Group International Ltd. * 12. SWOT MATRIX Click this * 13. BCG MATRIX FOR PROTON BHD * 14. †¢ From this graph, it shows that the Proton Bhd. market share was about 25% and industry sales growth rate is -5%.From the result, we consider of three types of strategies which is divestiture, product development and market penetration. * 15. DOGS STRATEGY1. Divestiture. 2. Product Development. 3. Market Penetration. * 16. DIVESTITURE†¢ By using this strategy, the company should focus more on their core business only because of it is in DOGS requirement. Divestiture often is used to raise capital for further strategy acquisition or investment. For example proton must reduce the production of Proton Juara and Tiara because the car demand is low and difficult to find spare part and make up the car.The reason is longer proton produce the car the inventory turnover will be higher. * 17. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT†¢ In this strategy, our company needs to gain endeavor to incorporate select technologies and manufacturing expertise such as from Nissan Motor Co. that could lead to potential cost savings in capital expenditure and research and development (R&D) for the national carmaker. * 18. MARKET PENETRATION†¢ In this stage, Proton must consider getting a third party to use its plant for a long-term planning for better utilization of plant capacity. Proton can go and get technology from a small company as many big companies in South Korea, Japan and Europe were using them to design their cars. * 19. BALANCE SCORECARD FRAMEWORKStrategies Priorities Goal Target StrategyFinancial Increasing sales of New Focus on developing proton product demographica l country. areasCustomer Attract more people to Young and the Made sporty car model buy proton car middle age people that can attract customersManager / Increase Working Potential worker Send them oversea toEmployee performance strengthen skill and expertise

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Research Paper

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald - Research Paper Example The notion of disillusionment is a characteristic of his life, but not in such a pronounced way as Gatsby or even his friend, Tom, and indeed, most of the major characters of the novel. Nick is from the US Midwest, but travels to New York in order to learn the bond business.[Fitzgerald 8]. It is worth noting that his profession is in many ways the very back-drop to the roaring twenties. It was the era of extreme prosperity brought about by healthy stock-market which would eventually crash and in turn, be a main catalyst and cause for the Great Depression. Nick moves into a Long Island community known as West Egg where his next door neighbor is Jay Gatsby – the main protagonist of the novel and of course, the source for the title of the work. The theme of disillusionment is typified in the character of Nick on a number of levels. First, his pursuing a life in the 'East' is the most general area that defines most of the action of the novel, but is proclaimed in the end as a mist ake: â€Å"After Gatsby's death the East was haunted for me like that, distorted beyond my eyes' power of correction. So when the blue smoke of brittle leaves was in the air and the wind blew the wet laundry stiff on the line I decided to come back home.† [Fitzgerald 140]. As narrator, the story is seen mostly through Nick's eyes. So, he is the figure who interprets for the reader, the decadence of Gatsby's life, the shallowness of the characters – such as the affair that Daisy carries on with Gatsby and the affair that her husband carries on with Myrtle, and finally, the conflicts most of the characters have over their pursuit of wealth and the emptiness of its acquisition. The emptiness of acquiring wealth and status is unquestionably one of the constant themes of the book. In many respects, it is embodied in the figure of Daisy Nick's cousin and her husband Tom: â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy--they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money of their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made† [Fitzgerald 142]. One of the core plots of the work concerns Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy. Initially he had met her when he was a young soldier in Louisville before going to Europe to War. While she promised to wait for him, she wound up marrying Tom because of his wealth and because her family approved of the relationship. In other words, she gave up a relationship built on passion for a life of security – however much she carries a lot of disdain for her husband, Tom. Gatsby's life is probably the most disillusioned compared with all of the characters. Gatsby is from a poor family, and when he met Daisy as a young soldier, he lied to her about it because of the shame and also the insecurity of feeling that she would not like him if he didn't have that type of foundation. In a sense, he was right about the latter part given th at Daisy does decide to marry Tom because of the security element. Gatsby goes to extreme lengths in order to reverse his fortunes. And, this involves both legitimate but also illegitimate business interests. He is involved with organized crime which is something that reflects the era of prohibition, but also, something that reflects the extremes that he is willing to go to in order to obtain Daisy. This is not a line that Nick crosses for approximately the same goal. The disillusionment of his pursuit is articulated in the following: â€Å"

National curriculum article related Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

National curriculum related - Article Example In an argument by Rosen (2014) the effects of the modern day intervention systems are significant. The author terms the modern generation as a failure (Rosen, 2014). This assumption is created considering that incidences across the globe depict ignorance and unprofessionalism. One major incidence was the Iraq war. The war was criticized across the globe as other states felt the war breached human rights clauses. However, perpetrators continued pursuit of rebels in the country.It depicted how much people are exposed to an unethical education system. There should be a great similarity between what a people feels right and what is actually right (Rosen, 2014). Additionally, one should be able to identify the appropriateness of what s require from them. This depicts the difference between education systems different people are exposed to. Rosen (2014) is of the assumption that education intervention systems have failed the modern generation. The modern education system rarely focuses on the provision of child centered education. This influences the level at which a child perceive the society with ignorance. It takes more than a good educational system to equip a child a success tool. To further evidence the lack of professionalism in the education system, the Great Banking Chris in the year 2000 proved the lack of appropriates in the quality of human resources provided by the modern educational system. Across the United Kingdom, numerous schools have failed to put in place resources that would enable the free provision of free meals. Institutions cited the lack of enough financial resources to set up a free meals system. However, the government has given schools until September to put in place meal provision systems that will cater to the provision of free meals. This mandate to schools will be aided by the state as it will fund the

The main objective of organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The main objective of organisation - Essay Example Organisation has the objective of division of work and defining of roles. Work in an establishment is broken down into specific tasks. These tasks are then assigned to organisational units or individuals’ best suited to perform them. The methods of performing these tasks are specified. Employees are assigned specific duties or roles depending on qualifications. Organisation leads to specialisation and development of experts leading to increase in productivity. For example an analytical chemist is found in the quality control unit of the production department. The analytical chemist performs a role he is specialised in. A sales person cannot be expected to do the analytical chemist’s work. Organisation brings about uniformity and control in the performance of duties. It is important for establishments or business to have a uniform way in which things are done in every department. These roles are usually determined during the development of the different departments in the establishment. Organisation makes it easier to establish control mechanisms against variations, errors, mistakes or deviations from norm that may have negative effects. Organisation is used to facilitate coordination in an establishment. Coordination is important if the set goals are to be achieved. Coordination is the integration of the different departments of an establishment; it involves establishing relationships between and among these departments. The combined achievement through coordination is greater than individual achievement. Coordination minimises incidences of conflicts and rivalry among departments since the responsibilities of each department are clearly defined and how these departments relate to each other is also defined (Jost 30). The other objective of organisation is to ensure effective resource alignment. Resource allocation among the department should be done in a manner that will produce the best results for the

Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Unemployment - Essay Example To solve this, the government should provide stimulus to firms to train these employees and make them marketable for other jobs and those who are unemployed to join the training schemes. Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are moving from one job to another for which they are qualified. It is closely related to structural employment but it is frictional since the labor market is not automatically matching up with all available workers. This can be solved by setting up job centers that help people look for suitable employment or cutting unemployment benefits to discourage idleness (Mark 2008). Cynical unemployment occurs there are inevitable contractions on the business and economic cycle. It is involuntary and not skill mismatch. The economy the capability of creating jobs which boost economic growth. A growing economy typically has lower level of unemployment. Government has to reduce tax and increase public spending. Cutting tax will induce more people to work due to the increase in disposal income level (William,

Role NATO in the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Role NATO in the world - Essay Example A "North Atlantic" area which includes both Point Barrow, far above the Arctic Circle, and Mount Ararat, deep in the Turkish Caucasus, is, indeed, an anomaly. The term "North Atlantic area" appears several times in the text of the treaty but is nowhere defined explicitly. However, the treaty does contain a definition of the area within which an armed attack from without will bring its guarantees into operation.( James Kurth, 36) These guarantees extend to the territories of all member states in Europe and North America, to the Mediterranean and North Sea, and to the Atlantic Ocean north of the Tropic of Cancer. They also cover the Algerian Departments of France as well as all of Turkey's territories in Asia, plus two segments of Africa and Asia, and all of North America north of the Rio Grande, together with the seas and ocean lying between them.The success of the NATO Alliance over the past four decades has been extraordinary. The mere survival of the Alliance for forty years is not eworthy; that those forty years have been unbroken by war among the major powers is unprecedented in the modern era. To be sure, factors other than NATO have contributed to the absence of war in Europe-the most important being the advent of the "nuclear revolution" in warfare. Nonetheless, NATO has made an important contribution to the maintenance of peace among the major powers. ... nt on the nature of the threats to the fundamental interests of the Alliance members; the evolution of a collective response to those threats that meets the political, economic, and military requirements of the allies; and the absence of any politically acceptable alternatives to the current structure of the Alliance. The central question facing NATO forty years after its creation, however, is whether the Alliance, as currently structured, equipped, and funded, will continue to play an effective role in meeting the vital security needs of its members. Despite the attention given to disputes among Alliance members, it is unlikely that NATO will collapse with a bang sparked by internal friction, but it could fade with a whimper of irrelevance in the face of shifting economic, political, technological, and military realities. NATO will almost certainly be alive on the eve of the twenty-first century to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. However, unless the Alliance has the resilience t o respond to emerging challenges, by the turn of the century it may be less relevant to the central security concerns of its members. Our Alliance has come far on its way to transformation. Its relevance today does not derive from its original and immediate purpose but from what it has become over time. It has evolved into a community of values and destiny, and a forum of political consultation on vital issues of foreign policy and security. It has evolved into an agent of change. It will become the core security organization of a future Euro-Atlantic architecture in which all states, irrespective of their size or geographical location, must enjoy the same freedom, cooperation and security. We must not be satisfied with having won the Cold War. We have to win the future. - NATO Secretary

Measuring the success and the implementation of money laundering Dissertation

Measuring the success and the implementation of money laundering counter-measures - Dissertation Example In the early twentieth century, money laundering known as â€Å"dirty money† was seen primarily as a part of drug trafficking (or other criminal acts) where cash was deposited into banks with the express aim of transforming the proceeds from illegal acts into â€Å"clean† cash. In the last few decades, organised crime, which has come into being, is more sophisticated and global in nature, with even greater proceeds gained from the illegal activities. The term money laundering in the modern context, encompasses not only the aspect of ‘dirty money’ but also the act of ‘cleaning,’ or ‘masking,’ the proceeds from various criminal activities to make them seem legal; while at the same time new aspects on money laundering show clear links with global terrorism. Many of the new counter measure initiatives have a greater focus on the financial perspective of crimes and on determining criminal assets, to allow confiscation. There is also an increasing focus on the financial trails, which tend to link the main criminals with particular acts of crime. Such stringent measures have turned many of the countries as unsafe locations for the criminals, to ‘clean’ their money or lead a luxurious life with no apparent source of income. This paper will briefly explore the various aspects of money laundering, while examining in detail of some of the measures currently in use to counter money laundering, globally and locally, and analysing the extent of success in implementing these anti-money laundering measures. 1 Introduction â€Å"There are few other examples in history of mankind that so dramatically illustrate such concerted effort to denounce and discourage a practice which even a few years ago was neither understood not for that matter necessarily considered improper†(B. Rider, 1997, â€Å"Editorial†). 1.1 Background history Money laundering even a few decades back was not clearly understood, far less being considered as an act of criminality. It gained notoriety only during the last two-three decades when we find that the international community brought in various laws and policies as measures to counter the money laundering (van Duyne, 1998). It was during this time that many scholars turned their attention to this issue, leading to a large number of studies on the topic. While there have been many researches on the subject of criminal money laundering, a majority of the studies mainly deal with evaluating the extent of the money that is involved in the entire process, globally, that is, the nature of researches being primarily quantitative in nature. These studies with their quantitative analyses tend to provide an abstract perspective of the issue of money laundering, with no detailed information on the impact that such criminal activities have on the socio-economic and legal aspects of a country, at the national and global levels. These studies, which view only the figu rative extent of money laundering, deliberate primarily on the various processes adopted by the criminal organisations to escape surveillance, thus removing focus from other

The US Airline Industry in 2004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The US Airline Industry in 2004 - Essay Example Intestate routes were being admitted and were dispersed to some twenty three airline companies. Also, a promulgated establishment of guidelines of priorities and inter-firm agreements was created. (Anon., n.d.) Pre-Deregulation Era In the succeeding years, an industrial ordeal took place as cost increases on the fares were implemented causing an ossification to the structure of the airline industry. As a result, manifold airlines were not approved to conduct operations between the year 1937 and 1978. Nevertheless, the so-called â€Å"new entrants† have set up themselves as carriers in the local geographical areas in the form of intra-state routes. Due to some oil shocks in the 1970s, an accelerated increase on the ticket prices brought hysterics towards the consumers. The Civil Aeronautics Board decided to impose large increments on fares and a four year frozen activities on some newly acquired routes and delimitation on the capacity of routes. In addition, developing argument s regarding economic liberalism has caused less neither government regulation nor intervention on market practices, and in this case, the US Airline Industry. ... Business Strategies The Hub-and-Spoke System As a matter of discussion and recollection, several changes have been made following the advent of the deregulation in 1978. The hub and spoke system was adapted which has both allowed more efficiency by traveller concentration and facility improvements and maintenance. The Hub and Spoke system is a specialized operation that would limit flights of large carriers to small ports; instead, larger airlines coordinate with smaller airlines to take the flight franchise on smaller airports and smaller towns and cities. Because of this, the erection of international airports has been limited overwhelmingly where in the case of the US, the only international airport that was added is the one in Denver since the deregulation era. The Direct Foreign Investment (FDI) According to (Izquierdo, Ribes and Rodriguez, 2010), in tradition, the theories relating to the internationalization of firms have been based on the behavior of manufacturing industries. However, there has been a marked shift towards the tertiarization of the economy on a global scale and direct foreign investment (FDI) in the service industries amounts to 50 – 60% of all FDI and the share is forecasted to rise further. Internationalisation, Mergers and Acquisitions Most of the world’s airlines, just like some of the US airlines, export their services to other countries. American, Southwest and Delta airways are involving its operation in the international market. Some of these internationalization movements are done in a direct manner but most of the time US Airlines are cooperating with foreign airline companies in a forged agreement. Several major US Airlines merged with international airlines or even acquires some of them with motives of

Marie Antoinette Essay Example for Free

Marie Antoinette Essay Queen Marie Antoinette lived in France Just over 200 years ago. At the start of her life, she was surrounded by love by the people and luxury. But after many years of heartache and disappear, Marie dies a prisoner. Hatred by millions of ordinary people and deserted by most of her rich friends. We see Marie life change dramatically by a few different decisions made. There were many issues that surrounded the tragic death of Marie, but people fail to recognize what good she brought to France and how she was greatly Judged by all the people of France. There are different attitudes that the public had. This was influenced by many issues including her background being Austrian and the different interpretations that were laid of her, and most importantly, the effect that she had on the French Revolution. As Maries life was short by dieing at the age of 37 she made a great impact on France and even the world. Marie Antoinette was born in Austria, a daughter of Francis l, Holy Roman Emperor, and Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. She was born on the same day as the famous earthquake of Lisbon. As with most royal daughters, Marie Antoinette was promised in marriage in order uild a diplomatic alliance between her birth family and the family of her husband. Marie Antoinette married the French dauphin, Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France, in 1770. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis WI. Marie Antoinette was welcomed in France at first. Her frivolity contrasted with the withdrawn personality of her husband. After her mother died in 1780, she became more extravagant and this led to growing resentment. The French were suspicious of her ties to Austria and her influence on the King in attempting to foster policies friendly to Austria. Marie Antoinette, formerly welcomed, now was vilified for her spending habits and opposition to reforms. The 1785-86 Affair of the Diamond Necklace, a scandal in which she was accused of having an affair with a cardinal in order to obtain a costly diamond necklace, further discredited her and reflected on the monarchy. After an initial slow start at the expected role of childbearer, her husband apparently had to be coached in his role in this; Marie Antoinette gave birth to her first child, a daughter, in 1778, and sons in 1781 and 1785. By most accounts she was a devoted other. The attitude towards Marie Antoinette was very negative for basically for her whole life. It started off with troubles with her family life. Marie Antoinette found her husband and life at court boring. She spent most of her time with her friends and neglected her duties. The French began to say that she was a silly foreigner who spent too much time. Her popularity increased after her first child was born in 1778. Regardless of these changes, the public continued to blame her for her previous She was called Madame Deficit, and became the subject of pornographic, pro- evolutionary propaganda. While the phrase, Let them eat cake was never spoken by Marie Antoinette, the rumor illustrates the public sentiment for the queen on whom they blamed every unfortunate circumstance. Likewise, the Diamond Necklace Affair contributed further to the queens demise although she had no involvement in the situation whatsoever. In an effort to increase his status within the French court, Cardinal de Rohan fell victim to Comtesse de La Motte who hired a prostitute to pose as the queen and meet the cardinal in the Versailles garden at night and then old the cardinal that the queen wished for him to purchase an extravagant diamond necklace in her behalf. The necklace was purchased in the queens name, given to La Motte by the cardinal, who in turn gave it to her husband who sold it in London. The scandal became public when the Jeweler demanded payment for the necklace from the queen. Though both the cardinal and La Motte were tried for their crimes, the situation spurred on more rumors. When a mob descended on Versailles in 1789, demanding blood, Marie Antoinette faced the crowd alone, going out on a balcony with a bow and curtsey. The family was then moved to the Tuilere Palace in Paris where they were kept on house arrest. The familys attempt to flee in 1791 was thwarted by the means of transportation chosen by the queen herself. Refusing to leave her children behind to follow her and the king, Marie Antoinette insisted that the family flee together in a larger, slower coach than originally proposed, which enabled their capture. On August 10, 1792, the royal family was arrested on suspicion of treason and on January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed. After her husbands death, in July 1793, Marie Antoinettes son was aken from her. The poor woman begged that her son be allowed to stay but she was powerless to change the will of the ministers. The boy was put under the care of Simon, a cobbler and one of the Commissaires of the Commune, and died of neglect within two years. In September 1793, Marie Antoinette was separated from her daughter and sister in law. Now called Widow Capet, Marie was transferred to months of solitary confinement in the dank Conciergerie prison, where she was under twenty-four hour guard by revolutionaries who from behind their screen watched her every move. The Conciergerie prison was the antechamber to death. In this dank prison, she lost much weight and her eyesight began to fail, but she did not have long to live. On October 14, she was woken by the Revolutionary Tribunal. The trial was a horror, with the Queen attacked more as a person than as a queen. Her own son was forced to testify that she abused him. The queen bravely replied to all charges and to this she said, If I make no reply, it is because I cannot, I appeal to all mothers in this audience. Despite her eloquence, the verdict was never in doubt. Like the king, Marie was found guilty. When she came to her death on October 16, 1793, many gasped for Marie Antoinette was Just 38, but the crowd saw (as artist David sketched) an old hag in peasant garb, ragged and grey a stark contrast to elegant and voluptuous Queen of Trianon, the child of fortune, she had been Just 4 years earlier. Marie Antoinettes in the garbage cart amid the crowds whistles and Jeers. Yet, the poor woman sat straight and tried to retain her dignity. To the end, Marie Antoinette displayed a queens bearing and courage, in the face of all adversity. After her final ordeal, the body of Marie Antoinette was harshly pushed on to the guillotine plank, her head placed in the vice and at noon the blade fell to loud cheers all round. Never has Piere Duchesne seen such Joy as seeing that whores head separated from her crains neck. Sanson held her bleeding head high for all to see. Later her head was throne in the cart between her legs. The body of Marie Antoinette was left on the grass before being dumped in an unmarked grave. So ended the life of once the most illustrious and glamorous woman in all Europe.

GSM based Wireless Notice Board

GSM based Wireless Notice Board 2.2 BACKGROUND The use of scrolling display boards for advertisement is becoming common these days at various shops, shopping centers, railway and bus stations and other such places. It is becoming an effective mode for communicating with the public and providing them information. The issue with such displays is when frequent updating of the messages is required. It becomes inflexible, time consuming and a technician needs to go to that location of display board and plug the computer to it and then update it. it doesnt give the flexibility to change the message from any remote place. Another issue is with the placement of display boards, it cannot be placed at any place due to its complex and delicate wiring. 2.3 To overcome such problems, I designed a GSM based Wireless LED notice board. It is basically a display system that uses real time noticing, b sending messages through mobile phone in the form of SMS. In such system, there is no requirement of reprogramming the code to update or change the message that needs to be updated as the whole process is based on wireless technology. A multiplexing method is used to drive the LEDs. And the power requirement for display module is also reduced. 2.4 OBJECTIVES I aimed to develop a moving sign board which can be controlled by the user by sending a SMS. The user can change the scrolling/display message immediately unlike the old device which requires personal attention at the location using a desk bound device like PC or laptop. My project will let user update it even from a remote distance. Once the message is displayed and is in use, it gets deleted from the system memory to allow new updates to be stored and making space for upcoming SMS. Also, I wanted to design a model which has reduced complexity and simplified hardware and wiring requirements. 2.5 Wireless technology is an upcoming technology, due to this reason I planned a project based on it. It implements the wireless communication between a mobile phone and a display board. It uses a combined feature of microcontroller and wireless technology to construct an accurate and effective communication system.   The user makes use of a simple GSM based mobile handset which will help in sending messages for display purpose via SMS to various display boards. A GSM modem is used at the receiver end which detects and receives upcoming new messages. Proper coding is set in the microcontroller which gives AT commands to read the SMS that is received from the modem and is then stored in the microcontroller. 2.6 The nature of my project initially was research and survey based along with problem solving. I had to consider the safety issue and fast track transmission of the information. The duties I was required to perform are: I had to divide the project in smaller parts and assign time-duration for each task. I was involved in intensive research and analysis based on the topic of interest for my project. I had to perform survey on various microcontrollers, peripheral devices for e.g. LCD, transmitter and receiver circuits, GSM and many more based on the need of the project. I projected a schematic diagram with the help of ORCAD software. I designed the PCB layout. After having the PCB layout I was required to make the hardware structure. Which was followed by writing the code for the working of the device. Lastly, it involved preparation of report and presentation for the entire project. It was my duty to keep my project guide updated with the progress of the project. 2.7 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY To begin working on my project, I started studying topics of interest and related to my project. After processing and analyzing the information found based on my survey, I started designing the block diagram for my project. I used ORCAD software to design the schematic diagram. It was a new software for me, so it took time in understanding its functions and tools. I structured my drawing in such a way that the project focuses on the transmission of textual data through air interface with the help of GSM through asynchronous serial communication. When a unique pass key is entered, the data gets displayed on the LCD. Also, it will receive and accept data from dedicated and registered user only by performing address matching. 2.8 Various components that were used are described below: Power supply I used a step-down transformer of 230V primary to 5V secondary voltage that would give a power supply of +5V. This circuit also provides a variable 12V supply to the motor drivers. GSM Modem    in the receiving section, it consists of a slot which holds the SIM card. The SIM stores the messages that are sent by the user. It works on single supply voltage of 3.4V 4.5V. Max232 level convertor it is a dual driver or receiver which acts as an interface medium between the microcontroller and the modem. Microcontroller I used the 89S52 microcontroller which is a 40-pin powerful controller which consists of several features. It provides a special feature of data signal and clock signal which is required for scrolling the messages. 648 LED dot matrix it is formed by wiring multiple LEDs together in rows and columns. It is done so that it minimizes the number of pins that are required to drive them. Each character is displayed by scanning of either rows or columns. Shift register IC74LS154 it is a high speed 8bit Serial-In Parallel-Out shift register. I have made use of shift register to minimize the number of I/O pins that would be used to drive the column of LED matrix. Crystal 11.0592MHz such high value crystal helps in reducing the flickering effect that is seen in the LEDs. 2.9 After finalizing the components, I went ahead to connect each component to the PCB. After laying out the PCB me and was shown to my project guide for any improvement possibility and to get feedback on it. After getting the final confirmation from my supervisor I connected the components and completed the full hardware structure. The next task was writing the code for its functioning. I prepared a flow chart to follow a well-defined path while writing the code. I used keil Microvision software to write my code. It develops a HEX file which can be loaded into the microcontroller. I wrote my programming code in Embedded C language. I divided my working in two parts, so the code was written in two parts. 2.10 The display process begins by writing 0 on all rows. This will result in blanking out of all LEDs at the beginning. The microcontroller uses ASCII code for each character that must be displayed. It uses this value to access the corresponding display pattern in a character look up table. The display will be sent out to the display shift register in serial manner. For but with value 1, the LED will be kept off and for bit with value 0, the LED will be kept on. This process gets repeated for first line of the other five display matrix. And thus, enabling the first pin. The same process is repeated for every row till all the rows are displayed. In row scanning, appropriate logic levels are set and passed to the columns and each row is selected for about 1ms time. Thus, creating a persistence of vision effect and the image is displayed as a still perceived image. The microcontroller uses and generated a HEX value for every character that needs to be displayed. 2.11 The second part involves scrolling of the message. This effect is achieved by defining seven display buffers, each of size 32 bits and stores the bit information of 648 LED in the matrix. The scrolling process for displaying the message begins from right to left. All the column values for all the rows are shifted to the left direction by giving a suitable volume of shift step. This will help to move the character from right to left. After successfully shifting of the character, the row values of next character are taken up. This is done after scrolling it for 5 time per character to accommodate many characters simultaneously. For every shift, the display buffer gets updated. Every character is shifted six times to fully load into the display buffer. Thus, the process continues until all the characters in the messages are loaded. After loading of each character, the message will continue to scroll until a new message is received. The microcontroller automatically stops the display and extracts the new message from SIM card on the arrival of new message. It then executes the above cycle for new display process which scrolls down the new message. 2.12 On completion of the software and hardware part of my project, I performed a test run on it to check the working of the project. On facing difficulties, I performed troubleshooting on the whole system and gave it a run again. Constant helped was received by my faculty members during any difficulty. Major problem faced by me was in completing the programming code of the model. As my projects main heart was the software. I referred many software books and coding languages to understand the problem and solve it. Another issue was related to the receiving the signal from the GSM module to the microcontroller. I thought the problem was in the GSM module, but on later evaluation of the problem, I came to know the problem was in the connection, the input pins for the microcontroller was mismatched and soldered in wrong place. To rectify the issue, I studied my circuit diagram again and soldered it to the correct place. 2.13 SUMMARY To conclude, my project explains each development step I took for designing the GSM based notice board by integrating features of all hardware components used. Each module is reasoned out and placed carefully, thus making the unit to work best. The speed of the display can be controlled through the software and the message is displayed as required. Keeping a good scope open for future use in various industries such as food industry, in trains, in educational institute etc. The project gave me a good experience in my own field. I developed many technical skills, managerial skills, and problem solving skills. I believe I made a good use of my academic knowledge that I had gained during my bachelors and applied it to my project. The project was successfully completed on time. I gave weekly report and presentation to the project guide.

Husserl, Carnap, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Husserl, Carnap, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein ABSTRACT: Phenomenology and logical positivism both subscribed to an empirical-verifiability criterion of mental or linguistic meaning. The acceptance of this criterion confronted them with the same problem: how to understand the Other as a subject with his own experience, if the existence and nature of the Other's experiences cannot be verified. Husserl tackled this problem in the Cartesian Meditations, but he could not reconcile the verifiability criterion with understanding the Other's feelings and sensations. Carnap's solution was to embrace behaviorism and eliminate the idea of private sensations, but behaviorism has well-known difficulties. Heidegger broke this impasse by suggesting that each person's being included being-with, an innate capacity for understanding the Other. To be human is to be "hard-wired" to make sense of the Other without having to verify the Other's private sensations. I suggest that being-with emerged from an evolutionary imperative for conspecific animal s to recognize each other and to coordinate their activities. Wittgenstein also rejected the verifiability criterion. He theorized that the meaning of a term is its usage and that terms about private sensations were meaningful because they have functions in our language-games. For example, "I'm in pain," like a cry of pain, functions to get the attention of others and motivate others to help. Wittgenstein's theory shows how Dasein's being-with includes "primitive" adaptive behavior such as cries, smiles, and threatening or playful gesture. As Dasein is acculturated, these behaviors are partially superseded by functionally equivalent linguistic expressions. I. Introduction There are obvious and important ways in which analytic and continental philosophy differ, but this should not make us overlook their thematic and historical similarities. Both traditions had their roots in phenomenalistic theories that attempted to reduce all meaning to the immediately given. Even though phenomenology was more generous in construing what was immediately given, neither phenomenology nor logical positivism could do justice to our understanding of the subjectivity of other people. Heidegger and Wittgenstein each dealt with this problem in unique but complementary ways. Phenomenology and logical positivism both subscribed to the verifiability criterion for meaning ('verificationism' for short). Logical positivists emphasized linguistic meaning, and in their most antimetaphysical stage asserted that a synthetic sentence is meaningful for a person only if that person could use experience to discover the sentence's truth-value. Husserl was more interested in thoughts about the existence and nature of phenomena and believed that they gained meaning only through acts of verification. Husserl, Carnap, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers Husserl, Carnap, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein ABSTRACT: Phenomenology and logical positivism both subscribed to an empirical-verifiability criterion of mental or linguistic meaning. The acceptance of this criterion confronted them with the same problem: how to understand the Other as a subject with his own experience, if the existence and nature of the Other's experiences cannot be verified. Husserl tackled this problem in the Cartesian Meditations, but he could not reconcile the verifiability criterion with understanding the Other's feelings and sensations. Carnap's solution was to embrace behaviorism and eliminate the idea of private sensations, but behaviorism has well-known difficulties. Heidegger broke this impasse by suggesting that each person's being included being-with, an innate capacity for understanding the Other. To be human is to be "hard-wired" to make sense of the Other without having to verify the Other's private sensations. I suggest that being-with emerged from an evolutionary imperative for conspecific animal s to recognize each other and to coordinate their activities. Wittgenstein also rejected the verifiability criterion. He theorized that the meaning of a term is its usage and that terms about private sensations were meaningful because they have functions in our language-games. For example, "I'm in pain," like a cry of pain, functions to get the attention of others and motivate others to help. Wittgenstein's theory shows how Dasein's being-with includes "primitive" adaptive behavior such as cries, smiles, and threatening or playful gesture. As Dasein is acculturated, these behaviors are partially superseded by functionally equivalent linguistic expressions. I. Introduction There are obvious and important ways in which analytic and continental philosophy differ, but this should not make us overlook their thematic and historical similarities. Both traditions had their roots in phenomenalistic theories that attempted to reduce all meaning to the immediately given. Even though phenomenology was more generous in construing what was immediately given, neither phenomenology nor logical positivism could do justice to our understanding of the subjectivity of other people. Heidegger and Wittgenstein each dealt with this problem in unique but complementary ways. Phenomenology and logical positivism both subscribed to the verifiability criterion for meaning ('verificationism' for short). Logical positivists emphasized linguistic meaning, and in their most antimetaphysical stage asserted that a synthetic sentence is meaningful for a person only if that person could use experience to discover the sentence's truth-value. Husserl was more interested in thoughts about the existence and nature of phenomena and believed that they gained meaning only through acts of verification.

Diversity Essay :: College Admissions Essays

Diversity Essay â€Å"Mom! Tell him to get off me!† cried my sister in Farsi to my mother. My mother ran into the room and pulled me, kicking and screaming, off of my older sister. My sister had come home from her first day of school, and was by this time crying. After issuing her punishment and telling me never to hit my sister again, my mother demanded to know why I was so upset. â€Å"She went to school today, Mom, and she won’t teach me English!† I sobbed. Of course, it was foolish of me to think that my sister could teach me a new language after her first day of school, but I was too young and frustrated to know any better. My frustration was caused by living in a foreign land and not knowing the language, and was amplified by our poverty. I did not have many toys and could not play with other children my age because of the language barrier. I was only two-and-a-half years old when my family moved to America from Iran to avoid the onslaught of the Iran-Iraq war. I was too young to remember any details, but the war stories I have heard are horrifying. Children were used as human sacrifices to deactivate landmines and sent to the battlefields with keys that would â€Å"allow them access to Heaven.† My parents envisioned a future for my sister and I somewhere that would shield us from such atrocities and allow us to advance our lives, even at the expense of their own. The strength that they displayed in sacrificing their own lives for our opportunities has been an inspirational force throughout my life. My mother worked at a laundry service in an apartment complex, and because we had no car or babysitter, I had to wake up mornings and walk with her to work. Several residents noticed me sitting impatiently in the cramped workspace and tried to entertain me in any way that they could. One of the residents, a tall man with funny-looking glasses, was a magician who gave me a copy of a children’s book. I could tell from the pictures that it was a book about a penguin, but I could not yet read its contents. I appreciated the gift, and because I liked this man who would show me card tricks and make funny voices, I was inspired to learn to read it.

Atenolol: The Medication for High Blood Pressure :: essays research papers

Atenolol is a nationally known, commonly used medication that has helped to change the lives of many people in America. Atenolol, also known as Tenormin, is placed in a group of remedies known as beta-blocker. As a Beta-blocker, Atenolol is used to treat a range of bodily disorders in connection with anxiety and tension, such as high blood pressure, angina, irregular heart rhythms, migraines, prevention of a second heart attack, tremors, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety, and glaucoma. The three main malfunctions atenelol is used for are alcohol withdrawal, anxiety disorders, and cardiac disorders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dealing with alcohol withdrawal, Atenolol can be used as an addition to tradition alcohol withdrawal treatment to help make the results more effective. In relation to anxiety disorders, atenolol is usually used in small stress reactions, minor panic disorders, and generalized anxiety syndrome. Results are most easily obtainable in patients who have bodily anxiety, as opposed to the mind, and helps reduce trembling and rapid heart beat. Atenolol also had a large affect on cardiac illnesses. In the most common, angina pectoris, atenolol is used to decrease the amount of repeated attacks and to prevent any immediate death. Atenolol is best effective on middle-aged or teenagers, and to those with high blood pressure and heart rate as a result of exercise. The other major heart sickness is congestive heart failure. Giving Atnolol to a person with congestive heart failure must be taken with much care and precauution. One should start with low doses at first, and as time passes, increase the intake gradually. Overall, it affects the heart and circulatory system to either lessen the effect of or prevent any type of cardiovascular illness that may cause serious and/or permanent damage to the body. But how exactly does the medication work?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let’s begin with the structure. The structure of Atenolol is as follows: its chemical formula is C14H22N2O3, its relative molecular mass is 266.3g, and its chemical name is (RS)-4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropoxy)phenylacetamide. The physical appearance of the drug itself is a white colored powder that is odorless. The way atenolol, as well as other beta-blockers, work, is that they affect the different beta-recptors located within the human body. Every human has a certain number of beta-receptors located throughout the body, in places such as the heart, lungs, brain, etc. When a person takes a dose of atenolol, it reacts with the beta-receptors to either calm anxiety or treat blood pressure, without altering a person’s actions.

Antigone Moral Dilemma

Antigone’s Moral Dilemma Perhaps the most pronounced question in the play â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles' is the value of human law vs. divine law. In this tragic play a newly appointed king Creon declares to his people that treason was committed during battle, and one of the two brothers (Polyneices) killed shall not be buried according to the Gods, but instead â€Å"He shall be left unburied for all to watch the corpse mutilated and eaten by carrion-birds and by dogs† (Sophocles, 1900. ). This dilemma is felt by many, especially Antigone (sister of the deceased). In Greek culture it is thought that the spirit of a body cannot find rest if it is has not been laid to rest by the evening of the day it has departed, and it is condemned to roam the earth for eternity. The struggle between human law and divine law is a moral dilemma Antigone feels as she decides to go against the laws of the king. Antigone’s desire to bury Polyneices properly according a divine edict is challenged as she faces the hurdle to defy King Creon’s ruling. She acknowledges the importance of family and savors in the knowledge of defying the state. She ultimately succeeds in this moral quest to stand by belief in divine principle above and against the power and authority of the state, despite her suicide. Many Greek writers such as Homer in Iliad, reflect religious ideology in their works. A constant battle between man and the gods are apparent, and the concepts of burial rights are similarly played out. In Iliad after Achilles rejoins the battle and fights his enemies, he kills Hektor, the Trojan leader and releases his body to be buried after the gods intervene (Coughlin, 1990. ). In Antigone, the character Antigone realizes that Creon next in line to become king may have been thought to be chosen by the gods to rule, and she faces the decision to endure the law of Creon or be in contempt of Creon's edict to pursue the will of the gods. According to Greek mythology humans could endure an even far more eternal punishment for breaking the gods will. Antigone also questions, what if it was meant for Creon to be king, therefore it may be the will of the god’s for punishment to come upon Polyneices. After negating this thought she oon realizes that the will of the god’s is not only something King Creon must witness and acknowledge, but something she must enforce herself. This determination to do what is right even in defiance of patriarchal law can be seen in lines 1019-1021, â€Å"But if these men are wrong, let them suffer nothing worse than they mete out to me—these masters of injustice! † (Sophocles, 1900. ). Because, Antigone truly thinks that Creon has not rightfully been awarded king, there is resentment towards him for finding his way to the throne through the end of the true power. It is possible that Antigone did not take the king seriously or thought that she would possibly be spared. In fact, she may have perhaps just simply not cared. However, she chooses to display the importance of divine edict over the kings and takes it upon herself to give her brother a proper burial. She vocalizes this as she states, â€Å"I didn't say yes. I can say no to anything I say vile, and I don't have to count the cost. But because you said yes, all that you can do, for all your crown and your trappings, and your guards—all that your can do is to have me killed. (Sophocles, 1900). This quote shows not only faith but fate in the political heroism Antigone's portrays in her resistance to refuse the power of state. Antigone answers no to all that she finds to be vile, â€Å"I have longer to please the dead than please the living here: in the kingdom down below I'll lie forever (Sophocles, 1900. Lines 88-90). These lines show how much personal power she possesses compare d to King Creon. Antigone remains consistent, even contentious in her disobedience. By offending the king, it is as if Antigone is leaving him no choice and his prideful ways force him to sustain her sentence. After Creon realizes that fulfilling his order may be a mistake , he also knows that he cannot retract the ordering of her death. He had surrendered his actions to the power of the state, and thus rendering himself to a loathsome state. Unlike Antigone, who finds free will and faith in the laws of the god’s. Playwrights such as Sophocles attempt to understand the meaning of human suffering and reexamine the many traditions and ideals from the past. Greek mythology questions the public and private responsibilities of individuals. As in any circumstance fighting against what is valued as right can become a conflicting power. Antigone’s decision to go through this treacherous act alone enabled her to find peace within the divine laws of nature during her time. The act of surrendering to a fate that was unjust prepared her for the desire she clung to despite its unbalanced position. Antigone’s fatal removal from the human community renders a powerful and tragically beautiful character of Greek mythology. The moral decisions she sought after became apparent to everyone, especially Creon, that † Fate raises up, / And fate casts down the happy and unhappy alike: / No man can foretell his fate. † (Sophocles, 1900. ). Fate plays an important role in Greek tragedy. Antigone seemingly found that â€Å"There is no happiness where there is no wisdom; / No wisdom but in submission to the gods. † (Sophocles, 1900. ). She also raised the standards by which ordinary humanity was judged (Sophocles, 2005. Although she too suffered because of the heroic dichotomy present to all of Sophocles’ greatest characters, known as â€Å"the girl who feared to cast away the fear of heaven†, she could not have sacrificed love and life were she not on some level was cursed with a greater than human obsession for moral justice (Sophocles, 2005. ) The courageous actions of this character succeed in illustrating that not even a king’s entitlement can change a person’s fundamental natural rights. So it is possible to truly be happy, but only when man is wise. Wisdom is a necessary trait. It brings an understanding of the real values there are in this world. The pursuit of wisdom leads to happiness, as Antigone tells us. To truly gain wisdom, one must accept that it not something already possessed. All the answers are not given, and this world offers more to learn from than expected. So, did Antigone ultimately succeed in this moral quest to stand by the value of Greek mythology, despite her suicide? It seems apparent that submitting to the will of the gods allowed Antigone to gain the necessary wisdom to find true happiness, even in death. Some suggest it was the fate of the god’s, just as it had been for her father and brother’s.

So what exactly is sexism

Sexism is the belief that rights and roles in ones society should be governed by ones sex. Historically, sexism has been male-driven and accompanied by a belief in the inferiority of women. The new opportunities becoming available to women and men through the feminist movement will be beneficial to both. Men can become happier and more fulfilled human beings by challenging the old-fashioned rules of masculinity that embody the assumption of male superiority. Traditional masculinity includes many positive characteristics in which men take pride and find strength, but it also contains qualities that have limited and harmed hem. I strongly support the continuing struggle of women for full equality. I oppose such injustices to women as economic and legal discrimination, rape, domestic violence, sexual harassment, and many others. Women and men can and do work together as allies to change the injustices that have so often made them see one another as enemies. One of the strongest and deepest anxieties of many American men is their fear of homosexuality. This homophobia contributes directly to the many injustices experienced by gay, lesbian and bisexual persons, and is a debilitating restriction for many heterosexual men. We should call for an nd to all forms of discrimination based on sexual-affectional orientation, and for the creation of a gay affirmative society. The enduring injustice of racism, which like sexism has long divided humankind into unequal and isolated groups, is of particular concern to me. Racism touches all of us and remains a primary source of inequality and oppression in our society. I also acknowledge that many people are oppressed today because of their class, age, religion, and physical condition. I believe that such injustices are vitally connected to sexism, with its fundamental premise of unequal distribution of power.

Minimum Wage Essay

American workers will have a 1.75$ increase in their hourly wage by the end of 2015, as President Barack Obama recently called to raise the federal minimum wage from $7.25 an hour $9.00 an hour. This increase in the minimum wage of American citizen aims to help people with a low annual wage: cooks, employees of the janitorial industry and many others working these necessary menial occupations are set to benefit. The white house estimates that this measure will boost the wage of approximately 15 millions low-income workers. Raising the minimum wage, according to the White House press, will have some positive effect for low-income families; however, many companies are opposed to raising the minimum wage. A higher wage will have a direct impact on the cost of business. Some economists argue that higher minimum wage will result in an increased unemployment percentage. Although minimum wage laws can fix hourly pay, they cannot guarantee jobs. Employers are not willing to pay a worker more than the value of the additional product that he produces. For example, if a worker produces 4$ worth of goods per hour and because of the minimum wage he has to be paid 5.15$. Since he cost more than what he produces it makes it hard for him to find a job. At one point in the article, the President said that one of the best ways to get the economy going again is to put money in the pockets of people who work. (Lowrey)It is true that families with low income will earn more money: it is projected that a family that is earning $20,000 to $30,000 a year will see an additional $3,500 in their income. (Lowrey) This general positive outcome of increasing the minimum wage has led many law makers to wrongly assume that increasing the minimum wage is an effective way to fight  poverty. From the point of view of an economist, raising the minimum wage may increases the probability that a poor family will escape poverty through higher wages, but it does increase the probability of another family with average income will become poor as a result of minimum wage giving rise to inflation. It also decreases the proportion of families with income near the poverty line, suggesting that it more will be more difficult to escape poverty. We all know that if the minimum wage increases then the cost of living will inevitably increase as well as a result of inflation. Economists are against minimum wage laws because they create a price floor. In this case, a price floor is not the price that products can be sold for, but what price employers can spend on their employees. For non-economists, legislating a minimum wage is commonly seen as an effective way of giving raises to low-wage workers. Unfortunately it, like any other price floor, creates a surplus. In this case, the surplus is a larger than expected number of workers more of are willing to work in minimum-wage jobs than there are employers willing to hire at that wage. Economists think that there should not be any policies concerning wages: an employee should be paid what the employer thinks he/she deserves. Minimum wage increases make unskilled workers more expensive and therefore undesirable relative to all other factors of production. (Mankiw) For example, if skilled workers make 15$/hour and unskilled workers make three dollars an hour, skilled workers are five times as expensive as the unskilled. Imposing a minimum wage of five dollars an hour makes skilled workers relatively more attractive by making them only three times as expensive as unskilled workers. Another important characteristic of the policy to increase minimum wage that was not discussing in the article is that it may also negatively impact workers by changing how they are compensated. Benefits such as paid vacation, free room and board; inexpensive insurance and subsidized childcare are an important part of the total compensation for many low wageworkers. (Mankiw) When minimum wages rise, employers can control total compensation costs by cutting benefits; such is the case for the United States today. The employer always had to follow the minimum wage in order to pay their employee. The minimum wage should not be existent nowadays; the employer should have the choice to pay their employee based on their knowledge. An employee that knows more and produces more should have an higher hourly range. Sources: Textbook Mankiw, N. Gregory. Principles of Economics. 6th. Mason, OH, USA: 2012. Print. Website: Lowrey, Annie. â€Å"Raising Minimum Wage Would Ease Income Gap but Carries Political Risks.† New York Times. N.p., 13-02-2013. Web. 5 Oct 2013. .

Effective Communication Essay

Effective communication is essential for any Nursery settings too succeed. Its important to maintain effective communication within the nursery as this enables an open and honest approach between parents, children and staff. By using a simple tool called the 4Cs Model, which stands for Comprehension, Connection, Credibility, and Contagiousness are simple but effective way off communicating. It’s easy to understand and simple to apply to every piece of communication you produce at work whether it’s an email, newsletter PowerPoint. (Isabelle Albanese About.com Human Recourses). The 4Cs model is a useful tool for objectively evaluating the effectiveness of many forms of communication: what’s working, what isn’t working, and why.Effective communication is very important to every day work in a nursery we should implement skills that continuously develop to be able to use them effectively i.e.: newsletters, emails coffee morning with parents as this allows the staff to look beyond their self-interests and focus on what is best for the nursery. With the following here is a brief about how we can understand and implement the 4cs in the nursery setting, Comprehension making sure the message is clear and sharp, keeping it simple don’t go too deep. Connection amongst the staff is a vital aspect, it allows them to understand their reactions, wants, and needs through communication. When there is growth in the nursery there is constant change, it’s a great idea to get connected and stay connected amongst them selves and also with the parents and children. Credibility? the audience needs to believe who is saying it what is being said, and how it is being said. Otherwise, any connection begins to break down – immediately. Contagiousness ?In communications, contagiousness is a good thing. You want your audience to â€Å"catch the message,† run with it, and spread it around. To be contagious, a message has to be energetic, new, different, and memorable. It should also evoke a vivid emotional response. (Susan M. Heathfield).In the nursery setting staff collaboration is very  important for establishing positive relationships to respect and accept each other’s differences and work towards the common interest of the nursery. Also to promote direct and honest communication and engage in active listening with each other so the staff can reduce miscommunication, it will encourage them to share their needs with each other together as a team and will enable the company’s vision and explain that the key to realizing that vision is to work together as a unit. Here is a list of why staff should communicate in the work setting. * To maintain and promote good working relationships * To encourage the children to communicate effectively * To share knowledge and information * To ensure that everybody knows where they stand * To get their point across and ensure safety in the work environment * To help each other to understand how you are feeling and act accordingly * To work together * To prevent errors * Express your wants and needs * To help build and maintain trust * To negotiate and liaise with others (Claire Sherwood- Sunday, 25th September 2011) In nursery settings there will be huge numbers of messages every day. But effective communication is about more than just exchanging information; it’s also about understanding the emotion behind the information. Effective communication can improve relationships in the nursery settings work, and in social situations by deepening your connections to others and improving teamwork, decision-making, and problem solving. It enables you to communicate even negative or difficult messages without creating conflict or destroying trust.

Religion and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Religion and Politics - Essay Example A long tradition of involving religion in political matters exists in the United States. According to Servin-Gonzalez & Torres-Reyna, questions have come up concerning the relationship between how government activities are conducted and the prevalent religious values in the United States (592). The American population has, however, for the longest time been split concerning whether political decisions should be largely influenced by religious beliefs. Servin-Gonzalez & Torres-Reyna write that although most Americans accept that the clergy and other religious groups have a role to play in politics; most people feel that these religious people should not be involved in actual politics and campaigns (593). Religion is used as a tool for ensuring that politicians keep in line with the moral issues of the society. In essence, this means that religious leaders are tasked with the responsibility of keeping politicians in line and ensuring that they do not oppress the society. One of the ways in which religion has contributed towards political strategies in the United States is through the practice school prayers. Prior to 1963, public schools used to conduct religious prayers but the Supreme Court banned this practice in that year (Servin-Gonzalez & Torres-Reyna 599). In subsequent years, although public opinion has increasingly supported religious prayers in public schools, the Supreme Court has ensured that religious activities are not encouraged in schools. In this case, Servin-Gonzalez & Torres-Reyna write that the religious groups have failed to influence political decisions because the constitution has not been changed to permit prayer in public schools (600). Concerning the issue of reading and teaching of the bible in public schools coupled with prayers, religious activity has failed to convince the public to take up political action and change the constitution. During the Reagan

Baseline Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Baseline Exercise - Essay Example Horton Sports. For Haredi College, the video introduces an institution dedicated towards provision of academic studies for students hailing from Haredi community (The Jerusalem Foundation). The college has incorporated a curriculum with subjects that build their students towards a professional career. Apart from graduate degrees, the school also offers MBA degrees for their students. Both groups’ videos introduce the college as specifically meant for provision of education on religious grounds. This means that while studying in this college, the major norms originate from the respective religious beliefs. Further, both have a mission of streamlining their students for future professional careers as evident in the curriculum activities they offer. Even though the two have the same goal, in terms of religious beliefs, the kind of nurturing differs exceptionally. Pensacola College nurtures their students in line with the modern culture while Haredi College, acting as un-orthodox institution, prohibits following the modern secular culture. The issue about dressing code is worth a claim for both institutions. They believe that women and men should have strict dressing the code, especially for the former who are supposed to follow the rules of modest dress. In conclusion, an individual attending these colleges should be ready for strict regulations far from the normal. The Jerusalem Foundation.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Haredi College –  From Education  toWork.†Ã‚  YouTube video,   5:42.  October 14,   2012.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEW8vDO7Tfo   (accessed

Family nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Family nursing - Essay Example Mr. L lives in three-bedroom condo in residential areas. Living room and kitchen are on the first floor, and bedrooms and bathrooms are on the second floor. The house has a hardwood floor and there is a small rug under the sofa. The air conditioner is in the living room, and there are small fans in all the bedrooms. Family members take off their shoes before entering the house, and wear slippers. Mr. L was diagnosed with DM ten years ago, and now he is administered insulin injections. He often comes to visit his primary doctor because he has swollen ankles and 0.2cm by 0.2 cm foot ulcer on his big toe. He denies any other health problems or surgery history. The family is in the stage of launching the young adults because Mr. L’s youngest child got married in 2010, and a grandson was born last year. Children talk to Mrs. L easily but they rarely talk to Mr. L. All children want to have only one child because they feel that they would be burdened by responsibilities if they will plan more children. Whenever Mr. And Mrs. L’s children face any problem regarding the new born they take advice from their mother and Mrs. L has always responded to them gladly. .Mr. And Mrs. L rarely talk to each other. However, Mrs. L is always concerned about her spouse and his chronic health condition. Mrs. L cooks brown rice instead of white rice because she knows brown rice is good for health, and also helps to reduce blood sugar level for patients who have been diagnosed with DM. Dysfunctional communication patterns are observed between husband and wife. Communication patterns are one way. The husband asks his wife to do the certain job for him and the wife does it without raising any question. While watching the news, the husband discusses his opinion on the news, and the wife too tells her opinion but if somehow wife does not agree with the husband regarding his opinions, husband’s voice gets higher and insists that his opinion is right which leads to cessati on of communication between husband and wife. Affective messages are not exchanged between husband and wife. The wife is verbally and physically warm and close to her three children. Also, the children are affectionate to their mother. However, the husband only expresses warm feeling towards his oldest daughter, and has no warm words for the other two children. Life partners in this case, never express and share their internal warm feelings which they have for each other. Whenever the husband informs the wife about the problems that their family has exhibited, the wife angrily rolls her eyes at husband .It shows an incongruent message. Dysfunctional communication processes are seen in spouses. The husband himself assumes and makes decisions for his wife. While children plan a family vacation, Mr. L comes up with the argument based on his own assumptions that his wife is not interested in going anywhere. Close communication depicts the inner feelings between husband and wife. Cultura l variable affects the communication factor between the couple because they were born and raised in China. In this case, the male is dominant in the house, and wife is submissive negotiating the fact that they follow western culture where the couples are egalitarian. The husband makes all the big decisions of family by himself and does not take any advice from his wife or children.. The wife usually follows his decision without asking

Chapters Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapters Questions - Essay Example For the growth stage, the strategic alternatives are market development, product development, penetration, vertical integration, and related diversification. For the maturity stage, the strategic alternatives are market development, product development, penetration, enhancement, status quo, retrenchment, divestiture, and unrelated diversification. For the decline stage, the strategic alternatives are divestiture, liquidation, harvesting, and unrelated diversification. Public health and not-for-profit organizations should set priorities for their programs because they have more limited financial resources compared to for-profit organizations that focus on and can generate large profits, so the former must set priorities that will result to efficient resource-allocation decisions. 2) Explain the difference between pre-service, point-of service, and after -service activities. What elements are central to each? Provide an example of how an organization might create a competitive advantage in each of these areas? Pre-service activities use market research to know more about the customers and marketing research to determine the customers’ reactions to the organization’s marketing programs. Point-of-service concerns patient care and service delivery. After-service activities consist of marketing and clinical follow-up and follow-on activities. The elements that are central to pre-service activities are market and marketing research, branding, market segmentation, pricing, distribution, and promotion; for point-of-service, clinical operations and marketing; and for after-service activities, follow-up, billing, and follow-on. An organization can create competitive advantages in each area by doing the following: in pre-service, by periodically conducting focus group discussions to determine market needs and preferences; in point-of-service, by monitoring clinical and organizational outcomes and emphasizing continued learning; and

How did the New Deal changes the role of the federal Government Research Paper

How did the New Deal changes the role of the federal Government - Research Paper Example Congress passed several laws to aid businesses and farmers authorize public works schemes and allow huge spending to create employment opportunities for American citizens (Welch, 68). The New Deal presented the notion that government was accountable for the welfare of its citizens. Prior to the New Deal programs, American citizens were exposed to rise and fall in economic conditions; depended on financial aid from churches, families, local communities during difficult times; and had no pension plans from the government (Norton, 777). The New Deal established a framework of social security for the elderly, introduced unemployment compensation, passed a minimum wage, and offered financial aid to women and children who lacked support. The federal government also started regulating the stock market and banks and protecting employees’ rights to form unions and bargain collectively. The New Deal, though suspected by some, brought a remarkable change in the attitudes of citizens towa rd receiving assistance. Law Date Passed Goal Cause Effect Social Security Act 1935 Â  14th August 1935 All states had to create a plan for unemployment insurance. Employees and employers had to pay into a federal pension account. The act established the first federal old age pension that covered over 35 million citizens. National Labor Relations Act. 6th July 1935 To equalize bargaining power between workers without total freedom of association or authentic liberty of contract and employers who are structured in the commercial or other kinds of rights association. To reduce the causes of labor disputes weighing down or blocking interstate and distant commerce, and create a National Labor Relations Board among other purposes (Boston, 708). To promote collective bargaining between free trade unions, for the employees, and the employer. Unfair labor practices Election of bargaining representatives The act increased the powers of labor unions. It ensures fundamental rights of private sector workers to form trade unions, take part in collective bargaining for better conditions at work and better terms, and take group action including strike if required. The law established the National Labor Relations Board which performs elections which, if endorsed for representation, gives labor unions a requisite for the employer to employ collective bargaining with this union. Agricultural Adjustment Act May 12, 1933 To minimize crop surplus and as a result effectively increase the value of crops. A plunge in the agricultural economy in the early 1930s that greatly affected all famers. The law restricted agricultural production by issuing payments to farmers in form of subsidies to kill off surplus livestock and not to plant on sections of their land. Economy Act, 20th March 1933 To diminish the federal deficit in the United States. To balance the "regular" federal budget by slashing the salaries of government workers cutting veterans’ pensions by 15%. The salaries of federal workers were cut and the benefit payments to veterans reduced. The law did not affect the federal deficit or the economy much. It increased expenditure in other areas substantially that it reduced the cuts enforced by the Economy Act. The law gave the President restricted authority limited authority to restructure executive division agencies to attain competence. Emergency Banking Act 9th March 1933 To create a provision for a scheme of reopening banks under supervision of the Treasury supervision, and provide federal loans where

Criticial review on Guillermo del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth film (2006) Essay

Criticial review on Guillermo del Toro's Pan's Labyrinth film (2006) - Essay Example This paper provides a critical analysis of this film. The plot of the film is set in the civil war of Spain. It revolves around a quest by an 11 year old girl called Ofelia. The girl is sensitive and faces relocation to a secluded military camp with her sick mother. The commander of the camp is the girl’s step father. He is the main antagonist in the film and is undoubtedly an extraordinarily vicious and cruel person. From an oppressive environment, the little girl moves to the fantasy world. Here, she follows a dragonfly and is taken to witness worlds that are full of spellbinding enchantment. Ofeila then meets a type of faun (a goatish god ling pan). He tells her that she is destined to be the successor of the whole kingdom. However, she had to complete three tasks for her to meet her family and stay in the real world. The little girl finds herself torn between the real world and the fantasy world (Gill & Roy, 2010 p45). The film employs the cunning use of imagery in the plo t development. In the film, it is noticed that Ofelia experiences the presence of monsters in both the fantasy world and the real world. One compelling reason to watch films by Guillermo is excellent acting. This film is a superb example of a film with talented actors, who play their roles significantly well. The role of Ofelia is well played by actress Ivana Baquero as she experiences her ordeal in both the fantasy and the real worlds. ... The film is exceptionally mature since it is a majestic and dark piece of fantasy that is filled with satyrs, fairies and toads (Guillermo, 2006 p2). When viewing the bloody aftermath of the Spanish war from a waist-high vantage point of his heroine child Ofelia, the director splits the action in the film between the two worlds; fantasy and reality. The film is made astounding through the vision of the director. This is because the doodles of his sketchbook are well crafted by the production team to bring to life the haunted forests, the subterranean worlds, and the giant toads. Very fantasy moment in the film drips with its significance (Guillermo, 2006 p3). Pan’s world may be one of dark fantasy, but the fantasy world is not near disturbing than the world that Ofelia is trying to escape from. In the real world, her father holds court. He rules his military post with clinical and vicious violence as he tries his very best to rid the country of all the guerrillas left. He play s the role of a true monster in the film, as a fascist ogre that is in clad to the domination of Franco’s regime. The director scores a veritable coup when he sets his mythical beasts alongside the portrait of evil possessed by Lopez. He dissects the horror that is associated with fascism under the disguise of a fantasy flick (Moscowitz, 2009 p67). This film is a fantasy/horror cinema that is molded around a core of politics. Del Toro’s trademark of visual fair gets its chance to shine from this film. The tale is rendered so well on the screen that the subtitles are barely needed. Every actor excels in their role, and this makes the film compelling from the beginning to the end. The movie does not miss

An Analysis-Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Analysis-Synthesis - Essay Example This paper will address the question, how can the Indian government best tackle the problem of parents selling their kids organs? Trafficking and selling of children or their organs is an issue that requires an urgent attention in India. This shocking trade still goes on up to date despite the barbaric nature it reflects. It is a more disturbing fact to establish that most of the children sold are sold at a price much lower than the cost of most animals. In India, children are treated like a commodity or good in a black market where the value is not much important as long as they are sold for a price. It is clear that these children are either relocated to certain parts of the country or moved across borders after they are sold. The children are solved for different purposes that include prostitution, forced labor, child soldiers or for organ removal (Nair, et.al, 2005). It is sickening to note that children are sold for organ removal to support the lives of other people, yet their own lives are considered useless. It is not sensible to support the life of one person by killing another person. The selling of the children is done through persuasion or coercion. In certain instances, children are gently persuaded by the members of their families or friends to comply and be sold by promising them a better life unlike the one they lead. In other cases, the children are coerced or forced into submission. In either case, children never have a bigger bargaining ground because in most cases they cannot make a decision on whether to be sold or not whether it is through persuasion or coercion (Nair, et.al, 2005). Rough estimates show that approximately 40 to 50 percent of human trafficking victims are children. More disheartening is the fact that that both the children and their families are mostly unaware of the danger because they honestly believe that they do this for children to have better lives in other countries where they will

Gun politics in the United States Essay Example for Free

Gun politics in the United States Essay To draw up case studies, it is first important to understand its various aspects. For an effective case study, one must first understand the principles of a case. It is important to understand what a case is, the types of cases there are and their purposes. Following this understanding, the methods of analyzing and discussing cases must be explored. After mastering these skills, The three stages of problem, decision and evaluation are vital to the organization of the case study. 4 ? 5 6 7 ? In all case studies we should first explore the brief synopsis of the case and its pedagogical objectives. 8 9 ? In a case method classroom, both the instructor and students must be active in different ways. The art of a case method instructor is to ask the right question at the right time, provide feedback on answers, and sustain a discussion that opens up meanings of the case. If students don’t come to class well-prepared, the case method will fail because the people responsible for making meaning from the case are not equipped to do it. ? 10 ? Case discussions are full of facts and information, but they aren’t shaped into single interpretation, the â€Å"truth†. Instructors don’t announce definitive conclusions or right answers, although they may discriminate between more and less plausible solutions. Students enter and leave the classroom responsible for the outcomes of the discussion. For students, this is a shift from the comfort of authority and single truth to the hard work of personal responsibility and the unease of ambiguity and multiple meanings. ? 11 ? Cases are verbal representation of reality. Real business situations involve uncertainty and don’t present selected and sorted information. ? A case must have 3 characteristics: 1) a significant real world business issue or issues 2) Sufficient information on which to base conclusions 3) No stated conclusions 12 ? Many cases have these complicating properties: 1) Information that includes â€Å"Noise†- false, irrelevant†¦ testimony by characters in the case 2) Unstated information that must be inferred from the information that is stated 3) Nonlinear structure 13 ? A well-written case must have these characteristics. Reader of the case must be able to: 1) Construct conclusion from the information in the text 2) Filter out irrelevant portions of the text. 3) Furnish missing information through inferences. 4) Associate evidence from different parts of the case and integrate it into a conclusion. 14 ? Noise is a characteristic of real situations. Today, we are flooded in information, much of it of little value. Every case, whether it has a large amount of information or very little, requires the reader to make inferences. This can be the most difficult transition from textbooks and lectures. ? If memorization is the primary skill of the lecture model, inference is the primary skill of the case model. Furthermore, cases do not have a linear structure and are not presented in the most logical way. ? 15 ? There are 3 possible approaches to reading the case: 1) Receive it 2) Find it 3) Make it (appropriate for cases) ? â€Å"Receive it† states both subject and its significance (fits a text such as news story) â€Å"Find it† states keys and clues to find the solution (fits a text such as mystery novel) On the first reading of the case, it can seem to be a whole that is less than the sum of its parts. Indeed, the most basic matters of fact are not clearly stated or are stated in multiple ways. Students have to read a case actively (Active Reading) and construct their own meaning based on pedagogical objectives of the case and the theories and concepts already discussed in the class. 16 ? ? ? A case is a text that refuses to explain itself; hence, a meaning needs to be constructed for it. To analyze a case, the contextual factors concerning it must first be studied in order to allow a deeper understanding of the case (Situational analysis) Contextual information helps to limit and narrow the analysis of the case. Courses are often divided up into different modules or themes defined by certain types of situations and, often, concepts, theories, and practices appropriate for these situations. Students should learn how to make a case with relevant information based on the objectives of the case or questions already given by the instructor. 18 ? ? ? The method of analyzing a text is heuristic, meaning that important aspects of the situation in which the case is set must be identified and understood. This is a term used for self-guided learning that employs analysis to help draw conclusions about a situation. 19 ? Analysis has two closely related definitions: to break something up into its constituent parts; and to study the relationships of the parts to the whole. To analyze a case, you therefore need ways of identifying and understanding important aspects of a situation and what they mean to the overall situation. ? Thinking about a case must start before you begin making it. This way, the different questions arising about the case can be answered during the reading process. For example, the framework of a certain concept may guide a product launch decision. Hence, specialized methods are advantageous in achieving well-defined purposes. 20 21 22. 23 The following will provide a starting point for further understanding the different aspects of analyzing a case: ? There are four types of situations which appear repeatedly in case: †º Problems †º Decisions †º Evaluations †º Rules (complicated for beginners) 24 ? The definition of â€Å"problem† as a case situation is quite specific, unlike its other suggestions. Problem is a situation in which there is a significant outcome or performance, and there is no explicit explanation of the outcome or the performance. A problem in a case study is when the outcome or performance is significant yet there is no clear explanation of why it has happened. The causes of these outcomes are important to know so that the situation can be improved. ? 25 ? The outcomes of the cases may be negative. This is as a result of the fact that the change effort of the manager may be self-destructive. This result may arise from weaknesses that are unapparent. For efficient problem analysis, the problem first has to be defined. This is where success can come to be seen as a problem, in its own special meaning. ? ? Next, the problem must be explained by linking the outcome or performance to its root causes. Specialized methods of business disciplines are needed as tools to carry out this analysis. 26 ? Problem analysis begins with a definition of the problem. That seems obvious, yet many cases do not state a problem. As a result, you will first need to realize that a problem does exist. After this, you must define it yourself. Next, you must work out an explanation of the problem. This can be done by linking the outcome or performance to its root causes. This is the main work of problem analysis. To carry it out, you will need to employ the relevant tools, the specialized methods of business disciplines such as Strategy or SCM or operations management. 27 ? Would Barnes Noble have benefited (or been hindered) by its physical organizational structure and management processes in its attempt to strengthen its position as an electronic commerce product/service provider? Defend your arguments. 28 ? Many cases complicate the decision immediately. Many of these are organized around an explicit decision. The decision, however, should not be based on other situations. The existence of an explicit decision is an important distinction, because nearly all business cases involve decision. In many other cases, however, the decisions are implicit and dependant on another situation. The decisions featured in various cases vary greatly in scope, consequence and available data. An executive must decide whether to launch a product, move a plant, pursue a merger, or provide financing for a planned expansion. ? 29 ? Analyzing a decision requires the following, regardless of the dimensions of a decision: †º Decision options †º Decision criteria †º Relevant evidence ? The decision options are often mentioned in the case itself. A stated decision needs to be followed by a statement of the alternative decision options. Finding these or coming up with them can be set as the first goal of the analysis. 30 ? In making a rational decision, the appropriate criteria need to be determined. By thoroughly studying the specifics of the case with the help of specialized methods, the criteria can be derived from the case, as they are not likely to be directly stated. The criteria are then used to develop evidence so as to complete a decision analysis. The decision must be the best option between the evidence and criteria available. In decision analysis, no decision is objectively correct. The goal is to find a decision that creates more benefits than the alternatives, as well as having less severe downsides. 31 ? ? â€Å"If we are to continue outsourcing, and even consider expanding it, why should we keep paying someone else to do what we can do for ourselves? † what are the stimuli behind such a statement to reflect on eBay customer support decision? 32 ? In an evaluation, a judgment is expressed about the worth, value, or effectiveness of a performance, act, or outcome. An outcome can be the subject of an assessment. The analysis of an evaluation can be based on any unit, from an individual to a global region. ? The outcome can be the subject of an assessment. The competitive position of a company, for instance, is the outcome of numerous decisions and performances as well as contingencies such as macroeconomic conditions. 33 ? Evaluations require appropriate criteria for setting the standards for assessing worth, value, or effectiveness. These criteria can be inferred from the particulars of a situation, with the aid of specialized methods. An overall evaluation will express the best option between the evidence and the criteria. Another requirement of an evaluation is that it includes both positive and negative aspects. Both strengths and weaknesses require analyzing. ? ? 34 ? 1. Is it justifiable for a company like Amazon. com to continue investing so much money and effort in a business operation that not only has made a profit for nearly 5 years but was incurring heavier losses? (Refer to the company’s financial statements) 35 ? The key to the analyzing process is active reading in order to make a case, as it is interrogative, purposeful, and iterative, meaning that you make multiple passes through a case and each time reading with various purposes. 37 ? Three factors contribute to active reading: a goal, a point of view, and a hypothesis. Goal of Analysis – Concrete limits must be set in order to derive the desirable information form the case. In addition, a time limit can be used to make the time spent on analyzing the case more productive. the main character. This way, making a decision as a person in that situation will help making conclusions easier. compare and contrast a concrete statement against case evidence. †º Point of View – It is effective to pout oneself in the place of †º Hypotheses – This gives the advantage of being able to 38 ? The process of working on a case has five phases: 1) Situation 2) Questions 3) Hypothesis 4) Proof and action 5) Alternatives 39 The analysis can first be structured as a series of questions and then identifying the situation by reading the first and last sections. The opening or end of a case may present partial or complete descriptions of the problem as well as expressing a tension or conflict vital to the analysis. 40 Knowing the situation allows you to ask questions pertinent to a problem, a decision, or an evaluation. Hence, the stages previously stated can develop the needed understanding to ask the questions in this second phase. Making a content inventory of the case, to locate information that might be used to answer the questions about the situation, can be useful. 41 †º Problem – Who or what is the subject of the problem? What is the problem? Am I trying to account for a failure, a success, or something more ambiguous? What is the significance of the problem to the subject? Who is responsible for the problem and what might he need to know to do something about it? †º Decision – What are the decision options? Do any seem particularly strong or weak? What is at stake of the decision? What are the possible criteria? What might the most important criteria be for this kind of decision? Are any of the criteria explicitly discussed in the case? †º Evaluation – Who or what is being evaluated? Who is responsible for the evaluation? What is at stake? What are the possible criteria? What might the possible criteria be for this sort of evaluation? Are any of the criteria explicitly discussed in the case? 42 ? Instructor may decide to provide situation guidelines and questions regarding the case study for students: 1) Situation 2) Questions 3) Hypothesis 4) Proof and action 5) Alternatives 43. This is the most important phase while working on the case. This involves narrowing the possibilities to the one that seems most plausible. There are different aspects to take into consideration, depending on if you are dealing with a problem, a decision, or an evaluation. Recording your thought process can help the development of this stage. 44 ? Make sure you know the problem that needs to be diagnosed. Consider whether the characteristics of the problem suggest causes. Think about the frameworks that seem most appropriate to the situation. Quickly review the specifics of the frameworks if you are not certain about them. Pursue the diagnosis by looking at case information through the lens of the cause you are most certain about. For each cause, make a separate pass through the case looking for evidence of it. If the case has a lot of quantitative evidence, to what case is it most relevant? If you do not have a case relevant to the quantitative evidence, formulate one. Work up as much relevant, high-value quantitative evidence as you can. In a case with a protagonist (central character), consider whether she is a potential cause. If you think she is, work out how she contributes to the problem. Problem 45 Energy = 2/3 consulting + all of technology service Industry = 1/3 consulting + all of certification 46 ? Decision Review the criteria you have come up with so far. Which do you have the most confidence in? Review the decision options. Do any seem especially strong or weak? Apply the criteria that seem to identify the most evidence in the case. Investigate the strongest decision option with the criterion you have the most confidence in. or, if you are reasonably certain about what which is the weakest, see if you can quickly dismiss that option. If the case has a lot of quantitative evidence, which criterion is most relevant to it? If you do not have the criterion relevant to the quantitative evidence, formulate one. Work up as much relevant, high-value quantitative evidence as you can. If there are conflicts about the decision between individuals or groups, think about why it is. Look at the decision from the point of view of each of the parties to the conflict. If the protagonist is in a difficult position in relation to the decision, consider why that is. 47 48 49 ? Evaluation Review the criteria you have come up with so far. Which do you have the most confidence in? What are the terms of the evaluation going to be? Do any stand out in the case? Do you already have a sense of the bottom-line evaluation you favor? If you do, what are the reasons for the preference? Pursue those reasons. Start by applying the criterion that seems to identify the most evidence in the case. Investigate the most positive range or the most negative with the criterion you have the most confidence in. Investigate the most positive rating or the most negative with the criterion you have the most confidence in. If the case has a lot of quantitative evidence, which criterion is most relevant to it? If you do not have a criterion relevant to the quantitative evidence, formulate one. Work up as much relevant, high-value, quantitative evidence as you can. 50 08 😕 ?†¢  «  » ( )? ?†¢  «  » ( )? ?†¢  «  » ( )? ?†¢  «  » ( )? 😕 ?15? A hypothesis drives a different approach to the case. You will start proving something you have already found out. Evidence supporting the hypothesis can be found in this stage. After this, the evidence can be assessed and a decision option can be drawn up, also finding the actionable content of the decision made. The last phase involves questioning your own hypothesis. This means reading your hypothesis and evidence with a critical eye. In this way, you can be the one who notices the weaknesses in the first place. †º †º Problem – Can the problem be defined differently? Would that make a difference to the diagnosis? Are there any holes in the diagnosis – could there be causes missing? What is the weakest part of the diagnosis? Could an entirely different diagnosis be made? What would it look like? Decision – What is the biggest downside of the recommended decision? How would you manage the downside? What is the strongest evidence against the recommendation? How would a case for the major alternative look? 55 †º Evaluation – Have you been objective and thorough ? If a hypothesis, after all these stages of analyzing and evaluation, fails, looking at alternative ideas can help to come up with another, stronger, hypothesis. This can be made into a useful learning experience for gaining more expertise. Such a case may arise if you perhaps overlooked important information or not used specialized tools effectively. about the evaluation findings that oppose your overall assessment? Think how a different overall evaluation might be proved. Have you accounted for factors that the subject of the evaluation could not control? 56 ? Potential for further discussion 57 ?†¢ 02 0102 ? Deepwater Horizon , 11 ? 71 . 3 002 ? ? .? ?85? ? The variables that influence the path and quality of a case discussion include the instructor, the students, the case, and a host of other possibilities such as the physical setting, the time of day, or the proximity to exams. The only variable that you can control is yourself. Case discussions are the most important part of Industrial Engineering and Business studies classrooms. This method encourages students to apply their learned theories and be able to contribute as part of a group to converse in a business matter. Therefore, skills to communicate and participate are very essential. 60 ? ? A case is a condition explained in which the students attribute with giving their own opinions about it, as well as listening to their peers. It is important for everyone in the case class to contribute in the discussion and comment on it. 61 ? Unfortunately there are some students who do not find it comfortable to participate in the class and feel threatened. This could be due to several reasons. ? The language used in the class might be different from their mother’s tongue and therefore give them the fear of making a mistake in front of their native speaker peers. They might have the fear that they do not have enough knowledge and background about business as others do, and therefore make themselves look silly by making a useless comment and several other reasons, which limits students from participating. Strategies have been used by instructors to overcome these kinds of fears. 62 ? ? Preparing comments and speeches are among the tactics used to overcome fears. Students prepare all their comments and what they want to say before the class and write them down, ready to be said. They will feel comfortable thinking they will have a valuable point to make. This is not always right. A discussion is not predictable, and the preparation might not work very well. The discussion might go into a totally different path in which the prepared points are irrelevant. On the other hand a flexible plan preparation can be helpful. It only causes problems when it is â€Å"over prepared†. ? 63 ? Another tactic is to enter the discussion with a delay, which is after listening to the peers and the professor and trying to make a comment relevant to theirs. This is not a very good way. In fact, it makes it harder to enter a discussion, thinking that only a perfect comment will give him the power to break into the discussion. Therefore the earlier the student starts participating, preferably from the first class, he will feel more comfortable. ? 64 ? Case method exposes risk which is shared by everyone. Risk isn’t purely negative; it is a motivator to do the hard work the case method requires. The most valuable advice about case discussion is to speak up early. Speaking up early not only reduces the nervousness of being in the spotlight It also assists you in setting realistic expectations for yourself. †º Setting a limit on your case preparation has several benefits: it puts a healthy pressure on students to use the time well; and it encourages students to pay attention to how you analyze a case. †º Read the case actively. Reading passively is one of the most important obstacles to efficient analysis. 65 ? In addition, students can try to get to know each other outside the classroom. This reduces their fear and strangeness towards each other. ? They can meet outside the classroom. This will definitely change the environment in the classroom. Building a social network is important to case discussion. Students surrounded by classmates who clearly respect them will probably be at least a little more willing to take risks in discussions. The often subtle but damaging influence of stereotypes about gender, personal appearance, and many other characteristics can be muted when people get to know each other as they are instead of what they are projected to be. A classroom friend can encourage a quiet student to speak up or to take bigger risks with his/her comments 66. Regardless of business seriousness, it is also  helpful to be funny at some points, and make others enjoy the class with a little humor. participation. However it should be accompanied by participating. It is important to listen to everyone carefully and contribute equally, and do not hesitate to talk whenever an idea pops in the mind. †º Listening is the most important factor of 67 †º Take a little time after class to think about the discussion before the memory of it fades away, you’ll capture more of the value of the classroom experience. The short-term benefit is greater clarity about the issues that link on case to another and lends coherence to a course. In long run, these takeaways become your personal bible for leadership. is the product of useful contributions over a period of time, not occasional bravura performance. †º You need to be patient. Effective collaboration 68 ? In conclusion, it is important to first analyze and discuss a case to develop one’s understanding of it. Afterwards, the knowledge gained can be employed to draw up the planning of the casebased essay. Finally, using the guidelines outlined, the different aspects of the case analyzed can be used to write up a well-researched essay. 69 ? Ellet W (2007) The Case Study Handbook: How to Read, Discuss, and Write Persuasively About Cases (Boston: Harvard Business School Press) ECCH Case Study Workshop 2010 ? 70 View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Scientific method, Casebook method, Case study, Qualitative research RELATED DOCUMENTS How to analyse case study How to analyse a case study Step 1: Get a general impression †¢ Which organisations and industries/sectors does it relate to? †¢ Is the organisation doing well or badly and how has it performed in the past? Is it an organisation that has an unbroken record of success or has it fallen on hard times? †¢ Look at the development of the organisation over time. What strategies has it pursued? Which have succeeded and which have failed? How successful has the 4076 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case Study Guide Ukzn Westville South Africa UKNZN, SCHOOL OF MIG- DISCIPLINE OF MAKERTING AND SUPPLY CHAIN SCMA 305 2013 CASE STUDY GUIDE ANSWERING CASE STUDIES The following problems that have prevented companies to be successful are as follows: 1. The inability to recognize important problems; 2. Difficulty in formulating the main problem; 3. The inability to actually visualize or understand the situation; 4. The inability to communicate with other managers and 4076 Words | 7 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case Study Introduction to Case Study by Winston Tellis+ The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 2, July, 1997 (http://www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR3-2/tellis1. html) Abstract This paper is the first of a series of three articles relating to a case study conducted at Fairfield University to assess aspects of the rapid introduction of Information Technology at 4076 Words | 20 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case study ? Case Study Evaluation Protocol and Procedures Evaluation of the overall quality of each case study will be made on the following criteria: CASE STUDY PARTS CRITERIA Abstract Summary paragraph introducing the project, building, hypothesis, highlights of findings. concise brief of the parts to the case study. Introduction Description of building, background 4076 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT MGMT591 Case Study Analysis ? Case Study Analysis: Building a Coalition Aldranon English II [emailprotected] com MGMT591 ­_68800_20150301 Glenn Palmer March 22, 2015 Abstract This is an in-depth analysis of case study involving the Woodson Foundation. The analysis will evaluate the structure, environment (internal and external), strategy and implementation of tactics surrounding the program. This is only my interpretation of the program’s strengths 4076 Words | 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case Analysis Study Case Study Analysis Paper Prepare a 1,400 to 1,750-word case study analysis paper based on the University of Phoenix Material, â€Å"Case Study for Student Analysis,† located in Week Two of the COMM/215 [pic] page. Below is a detailed description explaining how to prepare a case study analysis paper. ____________________________________________________________ _________________ 4076 Words | 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT How to Write a Case Study Write a Case Study Analysis By Karen Schweitzer, About. com Guide See More About: †¢ case studies †¢ case study analysis †¢ mba classes Ads Wetting Balance TestingSolderability Testing Analysis Components -PWB- Assemblywww. standsgroup. com Requisite OrganizationFree research and information from the RO International Institute. www. requisite. org Novi Team BuildingIdealna zabava za 4076 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case Study Writing Fromate Writing a case study report Josephine Hook, Research Learning Coordinator Josephine. [emailprotected] edu (Source: www. office. microsoft. com) Outline ? What is a case study? ? Approaching a case study assignment ? The structure of a case study report ? Key elements of a case study report What is a case? A case might be: ? A 4076 Words |