Negative Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Negative Utilitarianism EssayMost utilitarian theories deal with producing the superior amount of straightforward for the greatest number of quite a little. Negative utilitarianism (NU) requires us to promote the least amount of evil or harm, or to prevent the greatest amount of suffering for the greatest number.Proponents like Karl Popper, Christoph Fehige and Clark Wolf argue that this is a more effective ethical formula, since, they contend, the greatest harms are more consequential than the greatest goods. Karl Popper also referred to an epistemological channel It adds to clarity in the fields of ethics, if we formulate our demands prejudici every(prenominal)y, i. e., if we demand the elimination of suffering rather than the promotion of happiness. (Karl R. Popper,1945) Most forms of utilitarianism hold that we ought to do that which maximises the good and minimises the bad. There is several(prenominal) disagreement about what the good and the bad are whether the goo d is people being happy and the bad is people being unhappy, or the good is people getting what they want and the bad is people not getting what they want, or whateverbut most utilitarians agree that whatever the good and the bad are, we ought to bring about as much of the former and as little of the latter as is possible.Negative utilitarians disagree. Negative utilitarians are concerned only with minimising the bad. They dont think we ought to maximise the good and minimise the bad, and that when we must choose between the two we must weigh the difference that we bottom of the inning make to the one against the difference that we slew make to the other rather, negative utilitarians hold just that we ought to minimise the bad, that we ought to alleviate suffering as far as we are able to do so.Suppose that I have a choice to make I send packing either make the happiest man in the world even happier than he already is, or I can alleviate some of the suffering of the unhappiest ma n in the world. Suppose further that the difference that I can make to the happy man is much great than the difference that I can make to the unhappy man. Most utilitarians would say that in this case I ought to help the happy man. As I can make a greater difference to the life of the happy man than I can make to the life of the unhappy man, it is the happy man whom I should help.Negative utilitarians disagree. Negative utilitarians hold that it is more important to alleviate suffering than it is to promote pleasure, and that I should therefore always choose to alleviate suffering rather than promote pleasure when forced to choose between the two. In most supporters of moderate NU the preference to survive is stronger than the wish to be freed from suffering, so that they refuse the persuasion of a quick and painless destruction of life. Some of them believe that, in time, the worst cases of suffering is defeated and a world of minor suffering can be realized.The big problem with negative utilitarianism is that it appears to require the destruction of the world. The world contains much suffering, and the future, presumably, contains a great deal more suffering than the present. Each of us will suffer many calamaties in the course of our lives, before those lives finally end with the suffering of death. There is a way, however, to reduce this suffering we could end it all now. With nuclear weapons technology, we have the capability to blow up the planet, making it uninhabitable.Doing so would cause us all to suffer death, but death is going to set out to us all anyway, so causing everyone to die will not increase the suffering in the world. Causing us to die now, though, will reduce the suffering in the world it will prevent us from suffering those calamaties that were going to plague us during the remainder of our lives. Destroying the planet, then, will reduce the suffering in the world. According to negative utilitarianism, then, it is what we ought to d o. That, though, is surely absurd. Negative utilitarianism, therefore, is false. References (Karl R. Popper, The Open Society and its Enemies, London 1945).

An Epic Man Who Became an Epic Hero Essay Example for Free

An Epic Man Who Became an Epic Hero EssayOdysseus, of Homers Odyssey, is an appropriate shooter and ruler of Ithaca. He does not act irrationally but contemplates his actions and their implications. Odysseus is an appropriate hero because he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. Odysseus is an appropriate ruler for Ithaca by virtue of his genetic right to kingship as well as his diplomatic skills, acquainted(predicate)ity with his male subjects, discipline, and his impartiality and compassion. How of all time, he is a character that does make a foolish decision. There is a rare instance when his pride supersedes his intellectual ability.Odysseus is an appropriate hero for he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. While he trying to return home from Ilium, numerous wooers onrush to seduce his wife, Penelope. However, when he returns Odysseus cleverly plans and carries out the demise of the evil and wastef ul suitors with the help of Athena, goddess of wisdom Come on Athena weave me a plan to visit them the suitors. Odysseus wisdom is admired by Athena, the goddess of that aptness. Athena is also impressed by his battle heroics and so she endeavors to provide him with succor And you didnt know Pallas Athenaia the daughter of genus Zeus himself, your airless stand-by and guardian in all your labours With Athenas assistance Odysseus becomes a true hero.Odysseus is the epitome of honor and virtue for his Ithacan subjects. Odysseus kind and stalwart leadership is revealed by Eumaios, his faithful swineherd, and Philoitios, his loyal cowherd, who have both remained loyal to him for twenty years. Eumaios praises Odysseus as A rare fine master. Indeed I do not mourn so much for them as for him Odysseus, though I long to see em again and my native land, but I do miss Odysseus since he went away. I dont like to speak his name, man, although he is absent, but I call him his honour, even when he is far away.Odysseus is a befitting king because it is his ancestral right, for he is familiar with his male subjects and understands their desires. Odysseus equity and mercy is displayed after his triumph over the suitors, whom he executed because of their lawlessbehavior. However, Odysseus shows compassion by allowing Phemius, the minstrel suitor, and Medon, a herald suitor to live. Cheer up, my son has saved your life. So you shall know, and tell other men, that doing well is far better than doing ill. Odysseus proper sovereignty is expressed by his justice.Odysseus displays his shrewdness as he overcomes the challenges that beset his crew. When Odysseus and his men become trapped by Polyphemos on the island of the Cyclops, Odysseus cleverly tells Polyphemos that his name is Noman. Thus, when Polyphemos is stabbed in the eye by Odysseus and his men, he renounces assistance from his friends by stating that Noman is killing me, leading his companions to believe that no man has h urt him. However, once Odysseus and his men reach their ships and set sail, he performs his most foolish act.Odysseus taunts Polyphemos by declaring, if ever any one asks who put out you ugly eye, tell him your blinder was Odysseus, the conqueror if Troy, the son of Laertes, whose address is Ithaca Once Polyphemos obtains this critical information on his blinders identity, he implores his father Poseidon, god of the sea, to grant that Odysseus the conqueror if Troy- the son of Laertes- whose address is Ithaca, may never reach his home Because Odysseus pride would not allow him to let his keen action go unrecognized, he dooms himself and his crew.Odysseus wisdom and courage enable him to be a brave hero and a strong ruler, both traits of superiority in his society. Being mortal binds him to occasional mistakes that he compensates for by becoming wiser and stronger. His extraordinary abilities are heralded by the gods. Upon his return to Ithaca, Odysseus ingeniously kills the rude an d wasteful suitors and reclaims his gloss of king. In reconciliation and honor, he finally makes a sacrifice to Poseidon. Odysseus is the epitome of a hero of his culture.

Nandos Management and Leadership Structure

Nandos Management and Leadership StructureNandos started in 1987 in Rossetthenville, S come out of the closeth Africa when two friends, Robert Brozen and his friend, Fernando Duarte went into a eating house and ordered the take outer that was on the menu. The friends had the flame grilled chicken with peri peri and they enjoyed the meal so some(prenominal) that they decided to demoralize the whole eating place, Chickenland and changed the brands name to Nandos.Nandos has moved to the UK flipper years later and since become a world re-known brand name associated with flame grilled chicken. Nandos low gear eating place in the UK was based at Ealing, from which they created a unique vision encapsulating many aspects of the South Africa Portuguese experience which played an important part of the ethos of how they prepareed their restaurants. Robby wanted all restaurants to man-to-manly reflect the fixture and retain the character. He recruited engaging and inspiring people t o manage the business, maintained quality of the product by flame grilling the product to be consumed by customers not far from where they seated, everywhere time, the brand was born. Grant, R M (2002)From this time onwards, a remarkable and unique major multi-million dollar business serving in many parts of the world. Today, it employs around 7000 sounders in the UK with closely 228 restaurants and is growing at a rate of 15 to 20 more than(prenominal) restaurants on year by year maturation rate. On the international scene, it has developed a strategy by which it expands using Franchising model that allows it to stay close to the core business. It maintains its core values, nicety and location attributes making it stay focussed on the nature of the business in its franchise relationships.Culture and leadAccording to (Johnson and Scholes 2006) Nandos allows flexibility for the farming of the countries they be minded(p) in to be incorporated. The companys leadership has achieved a great deal in the short time that they gestate been around. The major achievement recently was recorded when in March 2010, the company was awarded source place in the Sunday times top 25 best companies to work for in the UK. The classification is based on universe able to employ at least 5000 or more workers. White, C (2004) Grant, R M (2002)Nandos achieved a maximum of three stars in the best(p) Companies Accreditation Award in 2009. Nandos is the only worldwide company to receive three stars in the United Kingdom. The award measures eight significant aras that include well-being, in the flesh(predicate) growth and leadership. And in 2010 the company entered the Sunday Times Best Companies to work for and came out first, beating other companies much(prenominal) as Goldman Sachs and Price Waterhouse Coopers. The company again authentic the in force(p) three stars, showing not only quality but sustained commitment to the leadership and focussing development acr oss the organization. Grant, R M (2002)Training and developmentThe National Training Awards (NTAs) withdraw been running for quarter of a century, the awards recognise and celebrate Investors in People accredited organisations that bring delivered nifty organisational benefits by directly linking the pedagogy needs of their people to the business needs of their organisation. Nandos, over the years save achieved awards for five of their in-house training schemes. These are buddy systems (buddies are much experienced staff who inspection and repair train new staff) new restaurants opening training running(a) in direction team ups (team building) Nandos inductions and coaching programmes. In addition, Nandos was first recognized as an Investor in People in 1998. They are now celebrating ten years of recognition. White, C (2004)So, what is behind the outstanding set of achievements? According to Nandos merciful resources director Julia Claydon, Its not just one thing its a wh ole mix of different things. At the heart of the business is a unique culture and a set of fundamental values and ways of doing things. Pride, passion, courage, integrity, and family are the five values that drive behaviours and decision making in the company. Fun, friendly, and different, is the way one employee exposit the feeling of working at Nandos and the sense of belonging that is found in spite of appearance the company or family as it is described. I wanted to be part of a achiever story and be with a family of like-minded people. They even use different words, tone of voice, and language in e in realityday life at Nandos. The wag of directors are referred to as the Full Monty, restaurant managers are called Patrao (head of the family in Portuguese), Nandoca is a waiter, Grillers are the chefs, and the head office in Putney is referred to as Central Support. All end-to-end the restaurant interior, on the menus, the walls, internal documentation, company website, and m arketing material, you will see the same fun, funky, and different style of language. Barcelos is the Cockerel, was chosen as the symbol of Nandos because Robert and Fernando like the explorers of past tense believed in faith, justice and good luck. They refer to CSR (corporate social responsibility) at Nandos as Do the right thing. The spirit of Nandos is alive in each of their restaurants done the hand-selected, versatile mix of global music commonly South African, and unique features to ensure you enjoy the Nandos experience. They have the largest collection of art by South African artists in the UK and the support and investment in this industry has changed many lives for the discontinue in deprived areas of South Africa. On the green energy front, a new Nandos restaurant which is located on the Junction 27 on the M62 in West Yorkshire is an eco-restaurant, where heat energy from the grills are recycled to warm up the water and heat up the central-heating system. Also, the frying fat is recycled for fuel. This approach will be gradually introduced to all the Nandos pigeonholing of restaurants. The members of staff are advance to participate in comm social unity projects in their locations of their own sites, and schools and colleges partnerships and the funding of community improvements, as well as the donation of staff time and effort is strongly supported and is also seen as a staff development opportunity. Grant, R M (2002)Pride, passion courage, integrity, and family, the five business values drive the everyday ethical and honest behaviour, and this engaging culture results in an impressive level of 45 per cent of appointments that are filled with move progression within the businesses. The management ethos is to allow as much leadership responsibility and authority for decision making to be at the local restaurant level as possible, once the restaurant has been approved and signed off personally by Robert Enthoven himself. In essence, the lea dership and management style is one that can be associated with a hands-on action-orientated, situational, and contingency approach. There is a fairly tight framework, as you would expect, to ensure consistency around the product and brand, that is centrally controlled by the support functions of procurement, marketing, and distribution. Yet al near all else is down to the local leadership of the Patrao (manager/family leader). That is, the recruitment/selection, resourcing, motivation, training of staff, and the customer service and profitability of the restaurant. Training and facilitation in the Nandos way as well as developing the business profitability and the personal growth of the Patraos themselves, and spotting future talent, are promoted up to the next level up of management, the MDs (managing directors). Even below the conventional management level, all Nandocas are encouraged to challenge substandard quality and service in line with the company values. White, C (2004) T here is a widespread development process to support career paths at Nandos. There are some specific and technical courses that member of staff must undergo, such as food hygiene, licensed house, health and guard regulations, etc. Then also many other sessions coaching, people management, finance, and leadership development, etc. Staff can select as many sessions as let that have been identified in the success management process. In terms of speed of career progression, it usually takes approximately 12 to 18 months to get to first assistant position and a further similar period to get to be Patrao. As can be seen, Nandos investment in training is given high priority as this is considered a key enabler for business success. In fact, the training of staff members costs amount to approximately 75 per cent of the valet resources budget.Nandos human resource department is faced with improving the training and development evaluation systems and looking for continuous improvement method s that will really measure worthy and added value of this level of training and development. Whilst there is a strong intuitive sense and informal evidence that this investment in training is linked to the success of the business, Nandos would ideally like stronger, more specific assessments. Evans, N Campbell, D and Stonehouse, G (2003).Diversity is also a major factor which differentiates Nandos from any other restaurant groups. It has always employed staff from a wide diverse culture, regardless of their level of English. They are trained in ways that work best for that individual and provided with development opportunities. These members of staff are given opportunities to develop within Nandos and to be the best they can and there are numerous stories and causas of employees from abroad who have fitted in well with the Nandos family culture and gone on to develop successful careers within Nandos.Recruitment and selection are carried out by each restaurants manger itself and t he team members are also heavily involved. Normally, a trial shift is set in order to see if a new recruit has the right skills and capabilities, if they have the right attitude, and if they get involved in the fun and delivery of good service within the restaurant. Participation and a high level of function by all staff are significant to Nandos. It is a regular occurrence for conferences and formal get-togethers, where staff are consulted and included in introducing new working practices and processes. unless its notall work they also like to enjoy themselves, and one thing about the people at Nandos they have great annual Nandoscars, which are parties thrown by the company and awards are given to the best members of staff. White, C (2004)Leadership in the organisationIn 1987 two major reports Handy et al., and police constable and McCormick, acknowledged that the UK had the lowest number of qualified and degree-educated managers when paralleled to chief competitors of the time and that there seemed to be an association between productivity or organizational success and educational achievement of managers and leaders (Constable and McCormick, 1987), the development of leaders and managers has grown in importance. Handy et al. (1987) found that most managers had little higher education and when a manager got a new managerial role they generally learned about the new job through gaining experience at work. These reports led to the professionalization of managers in the UK and to the realization that leaders were not just heroic characters who appeared in an organizations hour of need, but that there was a diversity in leadership and that individuals could be assisted to develop leadership and management skills. Debates about the connections between leaders and managers similarities and differences are one of the key sections. White, C (2004)Variety plays a vital role in the restaurant since the need for developing and educating leaders and managers was reco gnized, an increasing range of methods with different interventions were developed, mostly focusing on within the company. Leadership and management development has matured, often in seclusion, from the remainder of personnel and human resources manager, and sometimes even as a separate function from employee training and development. Whilst there may have been worthy reasons for such separation, however, it is important that clear links are made within the major human resource management and development areas-and that these, in number, are able to work to and be part of business strategic planning to secure an organizations future senior managers and leaders. The importance of horizontal and vertical integration of business strategy, organizational development, and the management and development of human resources has never been more obvious as organizations, from all sectors struggle for survival in an increasingly difficult national and international environment. Grant, R M (20 02)The growing importance of continued improvement of those who are future leaders and managers can be acknowledged by reviewing changes in the external environments in which organizations operate. Within the UK, there are major changes and debates about the nature of work and the working population, with increasing diversity, changing opportunities, and increased external political, economic, environmental, and social influences. Globally, changes and influences are very easy to identify through new developing economies and cultures. Recent crises help to demonstrate that all nations and economies are critically linked and that survival of each is dependent on all. Managers and leaders consequently have to learn how to work in such organizational and international environments, taking account of diversities within. For organizations, there are more opportunities due to greater employee mobility, but with technological development there are requirements to manage increasingly dist ant and diverse employee groups through technological networks. Evans, N Campbell, D and Stonehouse, G (2003)Theories of motivationMany theories have been proposed by many authors on the subject of motivation in organisations. Among some of the notable contributors to this debate was an industrialist named Frederick Winslow Taylor, who put foregoing the concept that workers are actuate by rewards in pay. In his Theory of Scientific Management, he argued that workers do not necessarily enjoy to work and whence need to be controlled and closely supervised. In order to achieve this, managers need to breakdown the production into a number of small related tasks and given training to improve their skills sets which should result in efficiency over a period of time for the tasks they are assigned to do.The second major observation was that workers should be paying(a) according to the production levels they attain over a given period of time, this he called piece rate pay, which as a r esult would encourage workers to begin more achieving the maximisation of productivity.These methods later were adopted by the business world as they saw the benefits that they widened through increased production levels resulting in set out unit cost of production. Henry Ford was the first to use the methods on a large scale when he introduced the production line to make ford cars. This was the showtime of the mass production systems as we now know them to be. Within Nandos there is a resemblance of the Taylorism which is applied by the workers having division of labour. There are those who alone welcome the dinners and those that serve them on the till. Yet still some ensure that the flame grills are going on smoothly so that the patronage is served on time. There is a good case for a classical production system within Nandos restaurant.Taylors methodology has close relations with the concept of an autocratic management style, where managers decide on all the decisions and si mply give orders to staff members that are below them, and Macgregors Theory X methodology to workers in which workers are viewed as pointless and wish to avoid responsibility. Further down the line, the workers soon came to dislike Taylors methodology as they were only given boring, on challenging, repetitive tasks to carry out and were being treated little better than human machines. Businesses could also afford to lay off workers as productivity levels increased which in turn led to an increase in strikes and other forms of industrial action by dis-satisfied workers.Elton Mayo understood that workers are not just concerned with money but could be better encouraged by having their social needs met whilst at work (a factor that Taylor ignored). He presented the Human Relation School of Thought, which concentrated on managers taking more of an interest in the workers, treating them as people who have worthwhile opinions and realising that workers enjoy interacting together. Mayo ca rried out a series of experiments at the Hawthorne factory of the Western electric automobile Company in Chicago where He secluded two groups of women workers and studied the effect on their productivity levels of altering factors such as lighting and working conditions. He anticipated to see production levels decline as lighting or other conditions became progressively worse but what he actually observed astonished him whatever the change in lighting or working conditions, the productivity levels of the workers improved or remained the same. From this series of experiments Mayo came to the conclusion that workers are best motivated by three major factors Improved communication between managers and workers (Hawthorne workers were consulted over the experiments and also had the opportunity to give feedback) White, C (2004).Greater manager involvement in employees working lives (Hawthorne workers responded to the increased level of attention they were receiving) Working in groups or teams. (Hawthorne workers did not previously regularly work in teams)In practice therefore businesses should re-organise production line in order to encourage greater use of team work and introduce personnel departments to encourage greater manager involvement in looking aft(prenominal) employees interests. His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management.Abraham Maslow along with Frederick Herzberg introduced the Neo-Human Relations School in the fifties the main focus of the school was the psychological needs of employees. Maslows theory states that there are five levels of human needs in which are essential for employees to have in order to be fulfilled at work. All of the needs are structured into a hierarchy (see below) and only once a lower level of need has been fully met, would a worker be motivated by the opportunity of having the next need up in the hierarchy satisfied. For example a person who is dying of hunger will be motivated to achieve a bas ic minimum wage in order to buy food before worrying about having the respect of others. Grant, R M (2002)A company should therefore offer different enticements to workers in order to help them fulfil each of the needs in turn and advance up the hierarchy (see below). Managers should also be aware that not all workers are motivated in the same way and do not all move up the hierarchy at the same pace. They may therefore have to offer a slightly different set of incentives from worker to worker.Frederick Herzberg had a close relationship with Maslow and believed in a two-factor theory of motivation. He argued that there were certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work harder, the motivators. He also believed that there were also factors that would de-motivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder, the Hygiene factors. Evans, N Campbell, D and Stonehouse, G (2003)Motivators a re more concerned with the actual job itself, for example how thought-provoking the work is and how much opportunity it gives for extra accountability, credit and advancement. Hygiene factors are factors which surround the job rather than the job itself. For example a worker will only turn up to work if the company has provided a reasonable amount of pay and safe working environment but these factors will not make him work harder at his job once he is there. Importantly Herzberg viewed pay as a hygiene factor which is in direct contrast to Taylor who viewed pay and piece-rate in particular.Herzberg understood that businesses should motivate employees by accepting a democratic approach to management and by improving the nature and content of the actual job through positive methods. Some of the methods managers could use to motivate employees are Job enlargement, in which workers are given a greater assortment of tasks to perform (these tasks are not necessarily more challenging) whic h should make the work more stimulating. Job enrichment which involves workers being given a wider range of more difficult, exciting and challenging tasks surrounding a complete unit of work. This should give a greater sense of achievement. Empowerment means allotting more decision making power to employees to make their own choices over areas of their working life.Managing diversityMulti heathenism is a system of beliefs and behaviours that recognizes and respects the presence of all diverse groups in an organization or fellowship, acknowledges and values their socio-cultural differences, and encourages and enables their continued contribution within an inclusive cultural context which empowers all within the organization or auberge. White, C (2004)There are the four pairs of action phrases that give substance to the exposition of multiculturism beliefs and behaviours, recognizes and respects, acknowledges and values, encourages and enables, and a fifth one, empowers. Multicultu ralism is a system, a set of interrelated parts-in this case, beliefs and behaviours-which make up the whole of how humans experience and view todays world. It includes what people believe about others, their basic paradigms, and how this impact, and are impacted by, behavior. The outcomes of this framework of beliefs/behaviors are seven important actions.The first is acknowledgement of the rich variety in a given society or organization. For the longest time racial/ethnic minorities, the physically disabled, and women have not been given the same acknowledgement as others. The one-sided approach to invoice and education has been a testimony to that fact. Grant, R M (2002)With acknowledgement should also emanate respect. Respect and acknowledgement are not the same, since be acquainted with the world of a group does not necessarily produce respect for the group. In a slave economy, for example, the presence of slaves was recognized but their humanity was not respected. For example , in the United States of America, the presence ofAmerican Indians in the Western expansion of the continent was constantly recognized by whites, but their environmentally conscious cultures were never respected. Thecontribution of women has usually been relegated to a footnote status.Multiculturalism also entails recognizing the validity of the cultural expressions and contributions of the various groups. This is not to imply that all cultural contributions are of equal value and social worth, or that all should be tolerated. Some cultural practices are better than others for the overall betterment of society. Evans, N Campbell, D and Stonehouse, G (2003) These cultural expressions and contributions that differ from those of the dominant group in society are usually only acknowledged when there is an economic market for them, such as music for African Americans, native Indian dances for tourism or cuisine from India. When the business sector wants money, the advertising industry pi ctures people of colour in a positive light. But in most other cases the entertainment media simply misrepresentate minority stereotypes, such as women usually in supportive background roles. Multiculturalism means valuing what people have to offer, and not rejecting or belittling it simply because it differs from what the majority, or those in power, regard as important and of value.Multiculturalism will also encourage and enable the contribution of the various groups to society or an organization. Grant, R M (2002) Women and persons of colour, for example, often experience dissuasion because what they bring to the table for discussion is often regarded as of little value or worth. Not everything can be utilized, however, nor is of the same worthMany different organisations in society, such as colleges, churches, businesses, corporations, as well as communities have also achieved diversity well, but again, for purposes of segregation. Audre Lorde 2010 explains, we have no patterns for relating across our human differences as equals. Without such patterns or models, the prevalent attitude and behavior toward persons of colour and others with biological, physical and sociocultural differences, or those with operating out of different thinking systems, has been one of exclusion and control. Today, to reach potential as organizations and society,that attitude has to shift to one of inclusion.White, C (2004) states that managing diversity is an non-stop process that unleashes the various skills and abilities which a varied population bring to an organization, community or society, so as to create a wholesome, inclusive environment, that is safe for differences, allows people to reject rejection, delights in diversity, and maximizes the full potential of all, in a cultural context where everyone profits. Multiculturalism, as the art of managing diversity, is an inclusive process where no one is left out. Diversity, in its core, then is a safeguard against idolatry the making of one group as the norm for all groups. Therefore, one of the dangers that must be avoided in grasping a beseeming understanding of multiculturalism is bashism. Bashism is the fly the coopency to verbally and/or physically attack another person or group based solely on the negative implication given to group membership-due to natural, cultural, political or socioeconomic differences (such as sex, age, race/culture, political party, class, education, values, religious affiliation environmental destruction), one of the principal problems confronting world society today is the problem of racial/ethnic hostility and cultural insensitivity-the new wine of racial/ethnic ferment in conflict with the old wineskins of intolerance. ethnic diversityWhat is Cultural Diversity?Cultural Diversity means a variety of different cultures or peoples with different ancestries, religions and traditions all living and intermingling together. Britain has profited from its vast cultural dive rsity throughout its history and is currently one, if not the most culturally diverse countries in the world.The diet we eat, the music we listen to, and the clothes we wear have all been influenced by different cultures coming into Britain. Foreign food, for example, is part of an average British diet, the most common example would be the Indian curry that has been served in Britain from 1773. Nandos restaurant recognises its origins as South Africa, with Portuguese influence and therefore has a policy that encourages inclusion in the work force. Hence appointments at all levels tend to reflect the nature of diversity within the organisation.ConclusionNandos is relatively young company has the right type of leadership to drive it into the future. Their policies are well wedded to be inclusive taking into account the nature of diverse societies where it operates in.According to Adalfer, workers are motivated to produce efficiently and effectively if they are managed adequately thro ugh a good payroll system. Adalfer called these as the Hygiene factors. This position is supported by Maslow who suggested that the basic needs tend to be fulfilled first after which higher needs are sought after until such a time when the individual attains self actualisation.

The Tower Bridge Report

The column tie ReportThis report get out be divided into 5 sections. In the first section I will be describing the function of the comp both and the product it provides for its customers. The second section will provide an over plenty of the economics of the clientele and competition. The third section will describe the management social structure at the company. The fourth section will provide both the PEST and SWOT analysis. at last I will reflect on my time as a tourist guide, describe the job role and give my impressions of the company. Describing the company and what it offers column pair is a municipal enterprise owned, funded and managed by the city of capital of the United Kingdom Corporation who be the local Government body responsible for the financial squ be mile. The City of London is therefore responsible for all(prenominal) commercial and operational matters relating to tugboat noseband. Funding of the enterprise comes from a long standing trust.London Towe r brace is located in the heart of London and is very close to Londons transport infrastructure and manhood notable diachronic sites such as the Tower of London and HMS Belfast. It is a well known bridge that has become an iconic figure of London, spanning the River Thames, and is at heart walking distance of Londons separate famous attractions such as the existence Theatre and Tate Modern. Originally built in 1894 to ease traffic congestion on London bridge over and designed to allow access to large ships to the puss of London, it was subjected to a major conversion to become a tourist centre in the 1980s. Tower Bride is therefore both a monument to Londons past and a successful tourist attraction. The main offering is the Tower Bridge Exhibition which allows cryors to enter inside the Bridge allowing access to the High Level walkways with uninterrupted views crossways the city. This provides a unique selling point with which to market itself and provides a memorable and emotional follow out for visitors. The tour overly allows visitors to see the Victorian railway locomotive inhabit from which the bridge used to be powered by. The company as well as offers corporate entertainment packages and a popular reach shop for visitors. Entry prices be at an affordable rate and for viewing pleasure, the Exhibition comes equipped with interactive screens, sliding window panels for better picture quality and excellent graphics on their giant screens. One of the most important features of Tower Bridge is its bascule mechanism system, which rises around 1000 times a year and is still in function to this interpret day. Bridge openings argon very popular with the public and are part of its attraction and allure to tourists. This particular bridge is the only bridge in the world of its type that opens and closes.Market and competitorsAnother historical attraction within the same vicinity as Tower Bridge is the Tower of London, which often competes with Tower Bridge as people tend to mix up the two because the structures are sooner similar and this may sometimes lead to confusion. Moreover, the Tower of London was famous in Britain and around the world during World War 2 as an iconic landmark. Inevitably overshadowing Tower Bridge. N angiotensin converting enzymetheless the Tower Bridge is central to Londons historical heritage as a major commercial port. London has many other attractions including the London eye, which batch accommodate up to 10,000 visitors every day and level the London Bridge Experience which opened in 2008. The Tower Bridge Exhibition has grown steadily since opening in 1984, with last year being its most successful in terms of financial surplus and calculates of visitors. With a small marketing team and budgets, Tower Bridge Exhibition relies heavily on organisations such as figure Britain/London to document trends in visitors. Tower Bridge Exhibition targets throughout the year a very handsome area including both the European and domestic markets. Within the domestic markets educational groups are in like manner targeted but equal importance is placed on family groups. publicise normally occurs through specialised magazines, in particular publications like the Times Educational Supplement or via websites such as www.vistislondon.co.uk where costs are by and large lower then other mass media options. Trade shows are attended such as World Travel Market where the exhibition is promoted to a function of tour and group organisers and databases are created for direct mail campaigns. Tower Bridge Exhibition has a unique relationship with its competitors, although in direct competition with one another, attractions within London work together along with Visit London to bring people to the area. Tower Bridge Exhibition has a list of distributors which in return for a discounted tag rate sell tickets globally, however they also promote competitors. Other key stakeholders of Tower Bridge Exhibition are local anesthetic and National Government and the EU who and impose rules and regulations. The local community and response services, the Tower Bridge charitable trust, all visitors, the media, internal trade unions and employees are also key stakeholders.The cost of visiting the exhibition is 7.00 per adult and 3.00 per child (5-15) down the stairs fives go alleviate, with a concession ticket costing 5.00 and disabled guests getting in for free. Group discounts are getable for 10 people or more and a promotion with Network rail allows 2 for 1 entry. Ad hoc promotions are run throughout the year targeting specific groups, for example the exhibitions 25th anniversary was celebrated by letting local residents in for 25p.Job roleAs a Customer Care Guide at the Tower Bridge Exhibition I had a fair amount of duties, roles and responsibilities which was based on the karyon of customers and their safety along with their well being which meant constantly putting the re needs and requirements first at all times. Furthermore, that meant me providing exceptional customer service and criminal maintenance at all times and making sure that the customers visit was as enjoyable and pleasant as humanly contingent. With that in mind I would have to posses a certain degree of intimacy regarding the bridge and the local vicinity. I would also be required to have a competent level of expertise relating to the bridges history, construction and design most notably for when I am positioned inside the bridge and doing a position that entails doing speeches regularly. For positions like these I must convey clear and precise cultivation to the customers so that they are made aware of the process inside the bridge. In addition, I would also need to be fully aware of all the processes of the bridge if say there was a fire or an evacuation I would have to be mindful of the correct drills and locomote that needed to be taken in order for a safe and secure eva cuation to be achieved for all customers especially the disabled, elderly and those in a wheelchair. My duties admitd maintaining a high level of gage for both the visitors and the exhibition items as well as always being on hand and available to interact and engage with visitors should they need or require any assistance or help from me at any stage during there visit. Moreover, if they had a examination or wanted further randomness about the or the area.Management StructureA business structure is very important and every judicature has its own structure. A company such Tower Bridge organizational structure is a hierarchical with a concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and turn over to serve one common aim. Most of the staff in Tower Bridge are all in the front office dealing the process of public and tourist, some have more interaction such as the Ticket Office and Customer Care Guides.The mangersTower Bridge uses a in operation(p) structure which has the a dvantage of being easy to understand. The chain of command requires that an employee can report to one or more omnibuss, but one manger such as Andy Nicholson, typically has more authority over the employee than their other manager(s). In Tower Bridge there are three mangers one exhibition manager and two assistant managers. Having this structure means having layers of management that control the company by maintaining a high level of authority, with the power to make decisions concerning business activities. Employees such as customer care guide have limited authority to carry something out without prior approval. This organizational structure tends to focus on top-down management, whereby executives at the top communicate by telling middle managers, who then tell first level mangers, who then tell the staff what to do and how to do it. A limited number of employees report to a manager, who then reports to the next management level, and so on up to the Bridge Master or Tower Bridg e Director.The managers needs to be responsible for motivation the staffs and ensuring that any formal systems and practices that are in place are not undermined in anyway. In system the managers at Tower Bridge are responsible for the business performance, as well as maintaining high standards of service and health and safety.A functional structure of Tower Bridge can be illustrated by the following diagram The Managers are responsible for arranging shifts for their staff, creating promotional e losss and discount offers, deal with customer complaints, motivating staff, ensuring that staffs have the right uniforms, greeting customers and organising table reservations.PEST AnalysisPoliticalPolitical detailors that may affect the ability of Tower Bridge to operate include presidential term and City of London polices. In detail it seems unlikely that these will impact adversely on the attraction in the immediate in store(predicate) assumption(p) its high profile and historic st atus. Cuts in public expenditure may lead to higher admission prices and less staff running the exhibition. As the government recent decision to cut funding to Visit Britain by 18% has big consequences for all London Attractions most specifically the smaller attractions such as Tower Bridge Exhibition who relay heavily on its services. Flight and bed taxes could deter visitors away from the city. Terrorism threats threaten the entire London touristry industry.TechnologyWith more people using the internet, Tower Bridge Exhibitions will have to review its current website, as currently ticket purchases are also heterogeneous. Advancements in ICT have meant that statistical data on tourist trends is now simpler to collect and more easily accessible through websites such as Visit Britain. Tower Bridge still has old and new technology some of the original hydraulic machinery is still remain as exhibition in the engine room nowadays they use electro-hydraulic drive that open the bridge up.EconomicThe main external forces (macro environment factors) that affect Tower Bridge Exhibition are economic and social factors. London is perceived to be an expensive place to visit, so the exhibition will need to provide better value for money. This is possible as at currently utilises only one third of available space. It will need to consider joint promotions with other attractions. Changes in interest judge at home cause fluctuations in disposable income meaning leisure activities are often put on hold, exchange rates and the strong cock against the dollar has seen a smaller spend per person from the important American market.SocialTower Bridge Exhibition relies heavily on family groups, so a decline in traditional family set ups will require Tower Bridge to re-think its family tickets prices. Over the recent years are has been a changes in spend patterns with people now preferring city breaks and long weekends. Terrorist attacks also cause fluctuations in the market wit h people looking for safer destinations.SWOT AnalysisStrengthThe business philosophical system is not honest about making money but emphasizes on educating and informing the public (particularly young people). On the towers walkways, there is a great view of London similar to the Millennium Wheel but not as detailed or exciting. Furthermore, on a positive note, this particular zone is free of congestion charge, which allows people to freely enjoy their journey over the bridge. Although the bridge is funded by the City of London council, it also makes a reasonable income by hiring the locale in the evenings for special occasions.WeaknessAlthough it is an indoor attraction with a large view of London, a visit to Tower Bridge depends on the weather because the outgo sights are not always available callable to the fact of the unpredictable British climate, for instance, on a rainy or overcast day, the views from the bridge can be very poor and distorted which could result in unhapp y customers. What is more, London is an all-year-round destination so major attractions are not seasonal. Due to the fact Britain has such unpredictable weather, people usually carry sunglasses and umbrella because they never know what the weather can be like. This could have a poisonous doing and lead to a bad experience when coming to visit Tower Bridge on an unpleasant day. Firstly, the entrance to Tower Bridge Walkways is enigmatical for tourists who are unfamiliar with the area as there are no clear signs pointing in the right direction. Also, the journey to Tower Bridge is quite complicated if you have no knowledge of its whereabouts and may get lost. In addition, it is not pedestrian friendly as there tends to be lots of traffic and congestion upon entering the bridge. Secondly, in my opinion their main website is unappealing which doesnt help to attract or interest people into visiting Tower Bridge. This apparent weakness and brand could have a bad impact on tourists who have never been to London, as the websites layout and structure does not represent or give Tower Bridge an acceptable status (more life and colour in the graphics required to attract online interest). On the other hand, their website has easy access to different links that also caters to childrens needs such as fun packs for childrens discovery which is fun as well as being educational at the same time. Furthermore, to add to upbraiding the historical building needs substantial refurbishment to help affix the volume of visitors. Although people are aware that it is a bridge, some people are afraid of heights and may feel unsafe or in danger. Moreover, although the lengths of the walkways are reasonably lengthy, it is quite narrow and may have an affect on those who are claustrophobic. Security measures are paramount for one of the worlds most famous tourist attraction. When entering the Tower there is a single stage of security that visitors must pass through. Once their body has been examined and their belongings are check they are allowed to enter the walkway but it doesnt mean the security level is up to standards. Reportedly, there have been cases where people have entered the building then proceeding through the security check in order to commit suicide. Fortunately, this has not changed peoples views to visit the attraction because any potential suicide incidents have been prevented. In reality, when the bridge does have a scheduled lift this results in a hold up of traffic. It is found that An estimated 38,000 vehicles use the bridge each day, pushing it to capacity during peak hours. This results in many delays for many people, who may decide to take an alternative itinerary to avoid the traffic queues. Likewise, Extra traffic is expected to increase impact damage to the extremities which flex under traffic loads. This could mean that traffic queues are do damage to the structure of the bridge, which may have a long term affect on the bridge. What is more, it is said that these measures are expected to increase congestion both side if the bridge, adding to delays caused when it opens for shipping. Last year Tower Bridge lifted 925 times. In my opinion, was this necessary?OpportunitiesGlobal advertisement could possibly result in an increase in the volume of visitors as many foreigners are unaware of a bridge that opens and this may be an attractive feature to witness in person. Perhaps due to the break peoples lifestyles are changing, rather than individuals coming to the Tower Bridge they could engage in some promotion and coupons like the two for the price of one, children of the age of under 12 go in for free etc. Other attractions could work together with Tower Bridge rather than competing with them. They could cater for more languages by intensify displays for overseas visitors such as Europeans and Asians. Provision of tour guides could be encouraged. Even though it is a self- command exhibition they could offer a gu ided tour within the ticket price would encourage more visitors and may enhance the quality of the experience. Additionally, they should provide reasonable adjustment to facilitate for people who have disabilities. Due to the fact of the economic crisis the value of the pound has decreased. This is good news for the overseas visitors because of the currency exchange rates. In years to come the growth of tourism will increase despite the recession London will generate tourist revenue from the 2012 Olympic games to be held in this city. This will boost and soar the volume of visitors in the capital.ThreatThe biggest threat to Tower Bridge is any potential terrorist attack perhaps of more concern is that there is no security check when liberation through the bridge and anyone is allowed to walk along the bridge. On the other hand, Tower Bridge is surrounded by a high level of competition with other tourist attractions equally famous like the Tower of London. In spite of the fact that other attractions complement each other it is possible that Tower Bridge will lose out due to the fact that it is less appealing. The economic downturn could have an impact on peoples lifestyles and their finances. Another way of viewing this is that the recession has changed our way of life. Culturally and socially people may prefer doing simple things like taking a walk in the park, instead of expensive vacations. after all a large proportion of overseas visitors come to visit the Tower Bridge. As a result this recession could have an significant effect resulting in a decrease of the number of visitors. In conclusion, it could be said that the current service could continue unchanged. The inherent advantages of location, history and unique appearance will service the attraction well in the future. However, improvements could also be considered namely a more attractive website, cater for different languages, refurbishment of the walkways. The main threats for the future are economi c downturn and limited attractiveness to a young audience.ReflectionWorking in Tower Bridge has taught me a number of things about how tourist attractions operate in the market and what factors lead to an attractions success. Even though my time at the Tower Bridge consisted of 400 hours work experience I still had to go through the same procedures as I would if I were applying for a eonian job. I was interviewed by Andy Nicholson who gave me a fair amount of information regarding the history of bridge and what they offer to the public. Even through the interview lasted over 3 hours it was very insightful and useful to me. I gained a lot of knowledge about Tower Bridge and its surroundings. When I started work it was the beginning of the Easter holidays. I didnt get any instruction at first except on how to use a radio. I was thrown in at the deep end for the first three days as I didnt know a great deal but I guess that is the best way to learn. After a few days I was formally i ntroduced to other members of staff and my official training started. The assistant manager gave me the correct uniform as there are different ones to wear for different positions. I was given a full guided tour and met all the security staff, the maintenance department and human resources. I was shown all the emergency exits as well as all the other exits and where to jar against if we had to be evacuated.I was given a radio with my own personal identification which was uniform 13 which enabled me to communicate with other members of staff via the radio. After that I undertook three days of shadowing a full time tour guide and I was also given a big pack of information about Tower Bridge. I learnt 4 different speeches plus aborts and general information of the history of London. A big plus point for me was that I was given the chance to get to know the surroundings and I spent a couple of days visiting other tourist attractions such as the Tower of London, St Pauls Cathedral and t he Tate Modern gallery. I thought this was very helpful to me. After 1 week of shadowing and intensive reading I was finally fixate to work on my own. My first position was to operate the north lift which takes the customers to the high level walkways and to give them instructions on what to do when they got up there. I did this a few times before trying out the other roles and positions. In total there are 8 positions, 1-3 are working in the lifts and the towers and the customer service areas. The only negative point about this aspect of the job is that it can become very repetitious.Position 4 and 5 overwhelm working in the gift shop next to the Victorian Engine Room. I was lucky to have this experience and to be till trained. Working in the shop has a lot of responsibilities, not only dealing with money and providing customer service, throughout the day youre on your own and this can be quite stressful. There are many duties working at the shop in the morning before opening up, you are required to do a number of duties making sure that there are enough products on the shelf and that these are neatly presented, knowing whats not available and whats low on timeworn so it can be ordered in, cash up the money for the till etc. Working in the gift shop can be pleasant but the only difficult issue that I faced was dealing with several customers at the same time. The gift shop is quite a small and confined area and it is where customers exit from the Exhibition. In some cases an unsatisfied customer will use his time in the gift shop to vent his frustrations and whoever is currently occupying the shop position is usually the one that is on the other end of the brunt of the customers fury. In addition to this, in most if not all the cases of a customer who was not completely happy with there visit and experience and demand a refund or if a technical malfunction occurs to any of the penny press machines then it is at the gift shop where all of the would be resolv ed.Positions 6, 7 and 8 are what the company refers to as footfall enticement. These duties are intensive and consist of you dealing with customers at the front of the ticket office who are visiting the Tower Bridge Exhibition or are just walking pass as well as giving out general information about the bridge. I think the footfall position is a crucial role as it represents the Tower Bridge image and they are the first staff and port of contact to interact with the customers before they enter the exhibition. throughout my work placement I have undertaken a fair amount of footfall and my view upon it is that it can be quite enjoyable. The only downside is that the footfall is an all year position which I think is unfortunate because Tower Bridge is on the river it can very windy and during autumn and pass it can be very cold. I did a few footfalls in April and even so it was extremely cold for me to endure and for someone to do this position you have to be mentally and physically st rong. I dont think people should have to work 8 hours outside in such cold conditions most notably during winter times and I think they should use the footfall personnel to go onto the walkways to give talks about the bridge and have one at the gift shop for assistance as the shop can get very busy and hectic at times.After 200 hours I was given the probability to work at the Monument. My job role was to give out leaflets to those who completed the 311 steps and give brief talks about this famous landmark. I had a lot fun working there because it was a more intimate setting than the bridge so you got to talk and engage more with your work colleagues. It also meant that you could immerse yourself more in depth with the visitors and ask them more about their visit to the capital and how long they were intending on staying and where they were originally from. There is so a great deal history written into the Monument which is intertwined with the Great Fire of London so for me to wor k there and to be a part of it was a good experience which contributed to my enjoyment there.In terms of organization and structure there is much to change and develop. What surprised me is that staffs do not really work together and in some ways work in isolation from each other which seems inefficient and ineffective. There tends to be a gap and divide between the permanent staff who have been employed there for many years and the temporary staff such as myself.ConclusionOverall working at Tower Bridge has been a good learning experience for me. Like any other job there will always be positives and negatives but in some ways the work has provided some unique insights. I think Tower Bridge and the Monument are very successful tourist attractions for the reasons express previously and there is no reason why it should not continue to prosper in the future with the right investment and a culture of continual improvement. Many people who work at Tower Bridge have provided years of d edicated service for a prolonged period of time. Tour guides, ticket office, managers, security and maintenance people have worked their for a long time. A large proportion of them are 40 plus in age which is a change for me because it is the first time I have come across a situation like that. I think I have picked up some of their characteristics and learnt a lot from their experiences of being at Tower Bridge. On the whole I had a great experience and I would highly commend it to other students who are interested in the tourist industry or those people who like history. Out of all the places I have worked in previously I can honestly say that this was the most interesting job and role that I have ever experienced. The majority of the staff I built and formed a relationship with not only as work colleagues but as friends outside working hours.

Jones Electrical Distribution Electric Suppliers Finance Essay

Jones electrical Distribution Electric Suppliers Finance EssayIntroductionJones Electrical Distribution is an Electrical company which has predicted that sales for the company go forth attach. However, oer the years the company has experienced some difficulties in its cash flow and decided that in order to keep the company in operation, it was evident that superfluous financing would be withdrawed in the form of a loan. However, the loan mark for borrowing could not have exceeded $250,000.00. This amount was the maximum limit their local anesthetic bank, metropolitan would offer to any company. It must be pointed out that from the inception of Jones Electrical, Metropolitan Bank was the only financial countenancer used by the company. In light of the foregoing, Jones had to seek alternative financial assistance from another bank gray Bank and Trust. The credit line offered Jones Electrical a loan would be in the amount of $350,000.00, $100,000.00 to a greater extent(prenom inal) than what Metropolitan would have offered. Jones Electrical required to decide which loan provide be more beneficial, less risky and the least expensive for the company. They needed to consider the pro perplex of receiving the loan from Southern Bank Trust as opposed to remaining with Metropolitan Bank. Another issue arising from the baptismal font is the way in which Jones Electrical did its operations. He had over 100 suppliers from which he credited descent, and he paid his accounts within the 10-day period in order to clear from a 2% trade discount. The industry being large, fragmented and highly competitive, Jones Electrical had to decide whether they needed to restructure their companys operation and expand same and in any case what financial decision that had to be do for the continued operations of the Company. Jones Electrical would have much limitations with respect to borrowing from Southern Bank and Trust such as additional investments in fixed assets could only be made with prior approval of the bank, consumption of the credit line would have a limit of $350,000 of Accounts Receivable and 50% of Inventory and also, there pull up stakes be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the business by Jones. Should Jones accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, his blood with Metropolitan Bank will have to be will no longer. (Piper and DeVolder, n.d). A number of factors would be discussed later on in this case which accommodate the financial projections of Jones Electrical. In addition, Jones financial statements will be analyzed and we will also look at the sustainability growth for this splendid company. The cash flow of Jones Electrical will also be addressed in this case.Problems faced by Jones Electrical DistributionJones Electrical needs to decide whether or not it will accept the offer of the loan from Southern Bank and Trust or from the Metropolitan Bank. The company needs to maintain its sales, needs to expand, satisfy it s liabilities but would need funding in order to do so.Some main problems identified in the caseJones bought Dave Verdent, his former business partner out for $250,000. 00. His repayment jut was a $2000.00 per month with 8% interest per annum. The interest rate he is paying is relatively high and this means it will take Jones over cardinal years to repay this loan with an interest payment in excess of $200,000.00 in interest only. Therefore Jones will have to pay approximately $458,400.42 in interest and principal. This occurred because of a fallout Jones had with his partner Dave Verdent over the aggressive growth of the business, which has put the company in financial debt because Jones has to repay Verdent in full for acquire out the company.From the financial information provided in the Balance Sheet of Jones Electrical Distribution it shows that there was an increase in accounts receivables, inventory, property and equipment. This increase would permit an increase also in l iabilities and equity to be able to finance the aforementioned assets. On the other hand, the balance sheet also shows in increase in accounts payable, line of credit payable and accrued expenses. The above increases would and then warrant financial assistance from the Bank for the expansion of the business.Another issue is that Jones Electrical had to revive to approaching the bank to receive a loan for his company in order that his business would grow profitably, to develop with respect to opening other locations and to blend on a highly competitive market.Jones needed to make a decision whether he should receive a loan from Metropolitan Bank or from Southern Bank and Trust. If Jones decide to go with Southern Bank and Trust, there will be implications which were mentioned earlier (additional investments in fixed assets could only be made with prior approval of the bank, consumption of the credit line would have a limit of $350,000 of Accounts Receivable and 50% of Inventory an d also, there will be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the business by Jones. Should Jones accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, his relationship with Metropolitan Bank will no longer be. He needed to weigh his options between the two banks.Competition in the market Jones Electrical was faced with a lot of competition from national distributors, home centers and other small supply house. The industry was a very large and fragmented one, and despite the competition, Jones Electrical was able to increase its sales as yet, Jones was still in a position where he needed to inject some cash into the business.Solutions or RecommendationsJones should accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, since he will be receiving more funding. The funding from Southern Bank and Trust was more that what the company would have received from Metropolitan Bank. Although, the requirements of Southern Bank and Trust Bank seem to be rigid, the more monies that he receives stool however b e used in the firms expansion as well as paying off some of the companys liabilities. As a result, Jones will be allowed more flexibility in the operations of the business. He will then be able to increase his assets in the form of inventory and capital, which in turn will result in his business being in a better position to finance its operations. In addition, Jones Electrical will be able to benefit from the trade discounts which are offered by his suppliers because this arrangement would allow him to pay his creditors.With respect to the early payment discount of only 2%, it is advisable that the Company, continue to credit its supplies and make alternative arrangements with respect of repayment to its suppliers. The company needs cash and the discount of the 2% does not put the company in a better financial position. It is always important to inject equity so that your company will be able to increase its assets, which will eventually lead to an increase in sales and revenue.Ano ther issue is that with respect to the proposed growth of the company, Jones had predicted forecasting in sales to increase significantly therefore the urgent need for a very large cash flow into the company would help significantly.Evaluate solutionsProsConsShould Jones Electrical decide to accept the loan from Southern Bank and Trust, it will receive funds to be able manage and expand its operations and pay off his debt.A loan is a liability and this will mean the firm will have another expense to pay at the end of every month.Benefits from trade discounts offered by his suppliers. He can use this opportunity to get discounts from his suppliers.Trade discounts can have a negative impact in that if Jones does not stay within the time remains in paying for his goods.With the increase in bank borrowing, this can contribute to a number of aspects. One main aspect is the increase in sales, which in turn will result in increase revenue.Increase in bank borrowing can result in a decrea se in cash flow. As stated earlier, Southern Bank and Trust has limitations in borrowing money from them.ConclusionWith respect to the various financial data presented in this case, Jones Electrical forecasts predicted that its sales would increase with favorable prospects and at the same time the company was in dire need of a significant cash inflow. It is however advisable that Jones Electrical accepts the offer made by Southern Bank and Trust despite the specific restrictions that would be placed on the Company. This offer would provide for long term financing of the company and as a result the limitations with respect to borrowing would eventually be removed, thus enabling the Company to hire the credit line specifically if it foresees forecast would be favorable.The credit line offered by Southern Bank and Trust would be significantly more than what Metropolitan would ever offer. Eventually, this budding financial relationship between Jones Electrical and Southern Bank and Tru st would enable Jones Electrical to even borrow much more than what they would have been offered initially. Jones now will be able to be more flexible with its business decisions with respect to expansion.

Age and Beauty in Next Day by Randall Jarrell :: Next Day Randall Jarrell

Age and Beauty In the numbers "Next Day" by Randall Jarrell, the speaker is a lady who is very troubled by her increasing age. I think it is interesting that this was written in 1965 because that is the same year that the author died. It raises the question of whether the poem was about his own feelings or if it was about another person. Perhaps he knew that his life was coming to an end soon and before he died he treasured to convey his thoughts to others. The title suggests that the speaker is writing about the implications of the days to come and maybe learning to face them. The beginning of the poem lets the reader know that the disused lady is upset about her current lifestyle and where she thinks it will lead her. She longs for the days when she was young and beautiful and everybody looked at her and cute her. When the boy takes her groceries out to her car, she wanted him to see her in that way but she knows that her physical appearance has changed to the point where she no longer gets those same yearning looks anymore. I got the impression that she feels she is not appointment into this present decade and that she only knows best what happened in her prime years. When she was younger, people turned their heads and actually noticed her. But now she is angry about her wishing of influence on the world. The line "as I look at my life, I am algophobic only that it will change, as I am changing," means that she fears her life may get even more worse than it has already become. She spends her time alone contemplating all of this and trying to come to terms with the future. She is afraid of her aged face and hates what it has turned into. The youthfulness of her past has completely left her and now she is forced to deal with the present. I think it is apparent that she is afraid of death because when she went to the funeral and saw her friends face, she thought of herself lying there in the casket. The lady in this poem is confused about her life. She realizes that she does not have many years left.

Internet - Tracing the Source of Denial of Service Attacks :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Tracing the Source of Denial of Service Attacks Abstract Denial of service of process attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent and serious, further the anonymity that these attacks affords the hacker provides no means for a victim to trace the attack. The weakness of the TCP/IP protocol allows for this anonymity, yet it would be very tricky to change this protocol. Savage, Wetherall, Karlin, and Anderson present a method for tracing back the source IP address and network path of refutation of service attacks. As the mesh becomes increasingly vital to the everyday life of millions of people around the world, it also becomes increasingly vulnerable to hackers. Through forcing servers or web sites to shut down, hackers have the major power to affect almost every aspect of modern society finances, safety, education, and many others. One common method used by hackers to maliciously affect these servers is the denial of service attack. Savage, Wetherall, Karlin, and Anderson de fine a denial of service attacks as those that consume the resources of a remote host or network, thereby denying or degrading service to legitimate users. Such attacks are among the hardest security problems to address because they are simple to implement, difficult to prevent, and very difficult to trace.1 Denial of service attacks, and the means for servers to vie with and trace such attacks, present numerous ethical issues. The Computer Emergency Response Team, CERT, is a group based at Carnegie Mellon University. CERT describes their goal as to field Internet security vulnerabilities, provide incident response services to sites that have been the victims of attack, publish a variety of security alerts, do research in wide-area-networked computing, and break down information and training to help you improve security at your site. 2 This simple description presents an ethical dilemma should this team publish information roughly new vulnerabilities that pull up stakes provid e hackers with the sources from which to create new DOS attacks? As new software packages are developed at an increasing rate, there will inevitably be more bugs that will provide vulnerabilities to DOS attacks. If hackers have equal access to information about these vulnerabilities as do system administrators, fag end the system administrators keep up with the hackers? A fairly simple observation seems to answers this question. In modern society, it is increasingly difficult to keep secrets. For example, a few historic period ago, Intel encountered a bug in the Pentium chip, but did not release information about this bug.